NÚÑEZ VÁSQUEZ, CRISTINA ELIZABETH

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NÚÑEZ VÁSQUEZ, CRISTINA ELIZABETH
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CISPEC - Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica
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    Disparidades rural-urbanas en la mortalidad materna en Ecuador: Un análisis desde una perspectiva de género (2019–2021)
    (2025)
    SÁNCHEZ VERDUGA, SAMI GABRIELA  
    ;
    IZURIETA GUEVARA, MÓNICA GIOCONDA  
    ;
    LALANGUI VIVANCO, KARINA DEL ROCÍO  
    ;
    QUENTIN, EMMANUELLE  
    ;
    NÚÑEZ VÁSQUEZ, CRISTINA ELIZABETH  
    La mortalidad materna es un indicador sensible de desigualdad en los sistemas de salud. En Ecuador persisten marcadas brechas sociales entre zonas rurales y urbanas, acentuadas por factores estructurales como el territorio, la etnicidad y el género. Este estudio analiza las disparidades rural-urbanas en la mortalidad materna entre 2019 y 2021 desde un enfoque interseccional y de derechos humanos. Se utilizaron datos oficiales del Ministerio de Salud Pública e INEC, así como herramientas de análisis estadístico y georreferenciación. Los hallazgos evidencian razones de mortalidad materna más elevadas en el área rural, provincias fronterizas y especialmente entre mujeres racializadas y de edades avanzadas. Se concluye que los sistemas de salud deben contemplar recursos e inversión en estas áreas y grupos, así como las operaciones logísticas y de comunicación necesarias para una oportuna atención prenatal.
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    Preventing and Managing Pre- and Postoperative Micronutrient Deficiencies: A Vital Component of Long-Term Success in Bariatric Surgery
    (MDPI AG, 2025-02-20)
    REYTOR GONZÁLEZ, CLAUDIA MARÍA  
    ;
    Evelyn Frias-Toral
    ;
    NUÑEZ VASQUEZ, CRISTINA ELIZABETH  
    ;
    PARISE VASCO, JUAN MARCOS  
    ;
    Raynier Zambrano-Villacres
    Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity and its related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, the anatomical and physiological changes associated with these procedures significantly increase the risk of preoperative and postoperative micronutrient deficiencies, which can lead to severe complications such as anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological disorders. This narrative review examines the prevalence and clinical implications of micronutrient deficiencies in BS patients, as well as evidence-based strategies for their prevention and management. The most common deficiencies include iron, vitamin B12, folate, calcium, vitamin D, and fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, and K). Procedures with a hypoabsorptive component, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS), pose higher risks of deficiencies compared to restrictive procedures like sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Effective strategies involve the preoperative correction of deficiencies, continuous monitoring, and tailored supplementation. However, long-term adherence to supplementation tends to decrease over time, influenced by behavioral and socioeconomic factors. Hence, preventing and managing micronutrient deficiencies are crucial for the long-term success of BS. While current guidelines provide valuable recommendations, many are based on low-certainty evidence, underscoring the need for more robust studies. A multidisciplinary approach, combined with innovative strategies, such as telemedicine, can enhance adherence and achieve sustainable clinical outcomes.
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    Spatiotemporal trends in hospitalizations and mortality due to mental disorders in Ecuador 2014–2023. A national epidemiological study
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-11-24)
    NÚÑEZ VÁSQUEZ, CRISTINA ELIZABETH  
    ;
    LALANGUI VIVANCO, KARINA DEL ROCÍO  
    ;
    IZURIETA GUEVARA, MÓNICA GIOCONDA  
    ;
    Yekaterina Altuna
    ;
    Daniel Simancas-Racines
    Background: Mental disorders constitute a growing public health concern, accounting for a substantial share of global morbidity and mortality. In Ecuador, despite increasing policy attention, the availability of epidemiological evidence remains limited. This study examines hospitalizations and mortality due to mental disorders (ICD-10 F00–F99) from 2014 to 2023, aiming to generate robust evidence to support informed decision-making and strengthen mental health planning within the national health system. Methods: This study analyzed data from national public-access registries. Descriptive statistics were calculated by sex, age, year, region, and province, and crude rates per 100,000 inhabitants were estimated. Spatiotemporal patterns were examined using k-means clustering and visualized through thematic maps. Results: Between 2014 and 2023, Ecuador recorded 93,680 hospitalizations and 2,281 deaths due to mental disorders, with the highest hospitalization burden observed among individuals aged 20–29 years and a notable increase among females aged 10–19. Substance use disorders predominated in men, whereas mood disorders were more frequent in women. Spatial clustering revealed distinct regional patterns, with the Sierra region, home to approximately 43% of the population, exhibiting the highest hospitalization and mortality rates, whereas the Galápagos province showed extreme temporal variability. Conclusion: Over the past decade, Ecuador has experienced a steady increase in hospitalizations and deaths associated with mental disorders. The results underscore the urgent need to strengthen community-based mental health systems, update national care models, and develop evidence-based promotion and prevention strategies.
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    Healthcare attitudes toward depression in Latin America: a latent class analysis from Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela using the Spanish-validated revised depression attitude questionnaire (SR-DAQ)
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-10-01)
    Marco Faytong-Haro
    ;
    Genesis Camacho-Leon
    ;
    Robert Araujo-Contreras
    ;
    Stephanie Gallegos
    ;
    Hans Mautong
    Background: Depression significantly impacts health systems worldwide, particularly in Latin America, where cultural stigmatization and misconceptions about mental health deter individuals from seeking help. Healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward depression may affect its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To categorize Latin American healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards diagnosis and management of depression in subgroups using the Spanish-validated Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire (SR-DAQ). Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed 2,409 professionals using SR-DAQ from 2019 to 2022. Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to identify attitude classes and explore demographic influences. Results: Among our sample, four attitude classes were identified: Depression Skeptics (21%), Depression Cautious (33%), Depression Neutrals (18%), and Depression Advocates (28%). Gender and medical subspecialty significantly influenced class membership, with females and mental health specialists more likely to be part of the Advocates. Conclusion: The study reveals varied attitudes towards depression among Latin American healthcare professionals, suggesting the need for tailored public health strategies to enhance effective depression care and management.