Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía

Parent Organisation

Universidad UTE

Founding Date

October 2024

Country

City

Quito

Now showing 1 - 10 of 19

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Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis KPC-2 Producer: First Isolate Reported in Ecuador
(Mary Ann Liebert Inc, 2024-12-01)
VILLAVICENCIO ZAMBRANO, FERNANDO XAVIER
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Viviana Albán
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Carolina Satán
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Hidaleisy Quintana
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Wladimir Enríquez
Antimicrobial resistance is currently considered a public health threat. Carbapenems are antimicrobials for hospital use, and Enterobacterales resistant to these β-lactams have spread alarmingly in recent years, especially those that cause health care-associated infections. The blaKPC gene is considered one of the most important genetic determinants disseminated by plasmids, promoting horizontal gene transfer. This study describes, for the first time in Ecuador, and worldwide, the presence of a blaKPC-2 gene in an isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis from a clinical sample. Through whole-genome sequencing, we characterized the genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in this Salmonella ST-32 strain. Our results showed the presence of several resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-65, and a conjugative plasmid Kpn-WC17-007-03 that may be responsible for the horizontal transference of these resistance mechanisms.
Scopus© Citations 1
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Demographic collapse threatens the long-term persistence of Andean condors in the northern Andes
(Elsevier BV, 2023-09)
Julián Padró
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Félix Hernán Vargas
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Sergio A. Lambertucci
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Paula L. Perrig
;
Jonathan N. Pauli
Scopus© Citations 6
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Defining Spatial Conservation Priorities for the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus)
(The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc., 2022-02-28)
Robert B. Wallace
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Ariel Reinaga
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Natalia Piland
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Renzo Piana
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F. Hernán Vargas
Scopus© Citations 9
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Eco-alternative treatments for Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae biofilms from shrimp industry through Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and Guava (Psidium guajava) extracts: A road for an Ecuadorian sustainable economy
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2024-08-13)
Nicolás Renato Jara-Medina
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Dario Fernando Cueva
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Ariana Cecibel Cedeño-Pinargote
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Arleth Gualle
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Daniel Aguilera-Pesantes
Understanding how environmental variables influence biofilm formation becomes relevant for managing Vibrio biofilm-related infections in shrimp production. There fore, we evaluated the impact of temperature, time, and initial inoculum in the biofilm development of these two Vibrio species using a multifactorial experimental design. Planktonic growth inhibition and inhibition/eradication of Vibrio biofilms, more exactly V. parahaemolyticus (VP87 and VP275) and V. cholerae (VC112) isolated from shrimp farms were evaluated by Eucalyptus and Guava aqueous leaf extracts and compared to tetracycline and ceftriaxone. Preliminary results showed that the best growth conditions of biofilm development for V. parahaemolyticus were 24 h and 24̊C (p <0.001), while V. cholerae biofilms were 72 h and 30̊C (p <0.001). Multivariate linear regression ANOVA was applied using colony-forming unit (CFU) counting assays as a reference, and R-squared values were applied as goodness-of-fit measurements for biofilm analysis. Then, both plant extracts were analyzed with HPLC using double online detection by diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) for the evaluation of their chemical composition, where the main identified compounds for Eucalyptus extract were cypellogin A, cypellogin B, and cypellocarpin C, while guavinoside A, B, and C compounds were the main compounds for Guava extract. For planktonic growth inhibition, Eucalyptus extract showed its maximum effect at 200 μg/mL with an inhibition of 75% (p < 0.0001) against all Vibrio strains, while Guava extract exhibited its maximum inhibition at 1600 μg/mL with an inhibition of 70% (p < 0.0001). Both biofilm inhibition and eradication assays were performed by the two conditions (24 h at 24̊C and 72 h at 30̊C) on Vibrio strains according to desirability analysis. Regarding 24 h at 24̊C, differences were observed in the CFU counting between antibiotics and plant extracts, where both plant extracts demonstrated a higher reduction of viable cells when compared with both antibiotics at 8x, 16x, and 32x MIC values (Eucalyptus extract: 1600, 3200, and 6400 μg/mL; while Guava extract: 12800, 25600, and 52000 μg/mL). Concerning 72 h at 30̊C, results showed a less notorious biomass inhibition by Guava leaf extract and tetracycline. However, Eucalyptus extract significantly reduced the total number of viable cells within Vibrio biofilms from 2x to 32x MIC values (400–6400 μg/mL) when compared to the same MIC values of ceftriaxone (5–80 μg/mL), which was not able to reduce viable cells. Eucalyptus extract demonstrated similar results at both growth conditions, showing an average inhibition of approximately 80% at 400 μg/mL concentration for all Vibrio isolates (p < 0.0001). Moreover, eradication biofilm assays demonstrated significant eradication against all Vibrio strains at both growth conditions, but biofilm eradication values were substantially lower. Both extract plants demonstrated a higher reduction of viable cells when compared with both antibiotics at 8x, 16x, and 32x MIC values at both growth sets, where Eucalyptus extract at 800 μg/mL reduced 70% of biomass and 90% of viable cells for all Vibrio strains (p < 0.0001). Overall results suggested a viable alternative against vibriosis in the shrimp industry in Ecuador.
Scopus© Citations 11
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Genomic characterization of a WHO critical priority isolate Enterobacter kobei ST2070 harboring OXA-10, KPC-2, and CTX-M-12 recovered from a water irrigation channel in Ecuador
(Elsevier BV, 2024-03)
Joselyn Corrales-Martínez
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Katherine Jaramillo
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Daniel A. Tadesse
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Carolina Satán
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VILLAVICENCIO ZAMBRANO, FERNANDO XAVIER
The discharge of untreated or partially treated wastewater can have detrimental impacts on the quality of water bodies, posing a significant threat to public health and the environment. In Ecuador, previous research indicates a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in surface waters affected by human activities, including irrigation channels. In this study, we analyzed sediment samples collected from an irrigation channel utilized for agricultural purposes in northern Ecuador, using microbiological techniques and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Our investigation revealed the first documented occurrence of E. kobei in Ecuador and the initial report of environmental E. kobei ST2070. Furthermore, we identified the coexistence of OXA-10-type class D β-lactamase and KPC-2-type class A β-lactamase in the E. kobei isolate (UTA41), representing the first report of such a phenomenon in this species. Additionally, we detected various antibiotic resistance genes in the E. kobei UTA41 isolate, including blaCTX-M-12, fosA, aac(6′)-lb, sul2, msr(E), and mph(A), as well as virulence genes such as bacterial efflux pump and siderophore biosynthesis genes. We also identified two intact prophage regions (Entero_186 and Klebsi_phiKO2) in the isolate. Our study presents the first evidence of E. kobei isolate containing two carbapenemase-encoding genes in environmental samples from Latin America. This finding indicates the potential spread of critical-priority bacteria in water samples originating from anthropogenic sources, such as urban wastewater discharges and livestock facilities.
Scopus© Citations 7
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Microplásticos en ambientes urbanos: el perro como bioindicador de exposición y riesgo gastrointestinal humano
(Instituto Nacional de Salud (Colombia), 2026-08-20)
MARTÍNEZ CEPEDA, GALO ERNESTO
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RAMOS SARMIENTO, DANIEL ALEXANDER
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Sailema-Rosado, Gianina
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Sangache-Guamán, Allisson
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Bustos-Chávez, Natalia
Scopus© Citations 1
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Estimates of parameters, prediction and selection of an oil palm population in Ecuador
(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2018-05-01)
Digner Ortega Cedillo
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Carlos Felipe Barrera
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Jorge Ortega Cedillo
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Jorge Orellana Carrera
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Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende
<jats:p>Fue empleado el método REML/BLUP para estimar los parámetros genéticos, y seleccionar los mejores individuos provenientes de una población de hermanos germanos de Dura x Dura, a partir de un análisis de correlación entre caracteres, realizando un agrupamiento de familias por disimilaridad multivariada y determinación del número de medidas repetidas necesarias para la selección de las características (número y peso medio de racimos). Fueron evaluadas 24 familias procedentes de tres ensayos del banco de germoplasma de la estación experimental Santo Domingo del INIAP en Ecuador. La evaluación fue realizada en un periodo de cinco años, empleando un diseño en bloques al azar, con doce plantas por parcela y cuatro repeticiones. La variabilidad de la población en relación a las características evaluadas y heredabilidad de individuos dentro del bloque, similar a la encontrada dentro de familias en las parcelas. La ganancia genética de las 10 plantas seleccionadas representa un 43% superior a la media general. La correlación fue baja y negativa para número de racimos y peso medio de racimos. Con base en el agrupamiento de Tocher se obtuvieron seis grupos, donde el grupo IV agrupa las familias seleccionadas por el Rank-medio multivariado (3A, 5C y 7B). Se puede concluir que las estimativas obtenidas por el BLUP, estimulan la continuidad del programa de mejoramiento genético de racimos, con posibilidad de maximizar las ganancias genéticas en generaciones futuras.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 3
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Dolor agudo y eficacia de la escala de mueca felina en gatos del Hospital Veterinario Medipet
(Universidad del Zulia, 2022-06-12)
Fernando Paredes-Catota
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Edy Paul Castillo-Hidalgo
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Olga Vanesa Almeida-Revelo
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Henrry Daniel Vilcacundo-Paredes
<jats:p>El dolor es la sensación desagradable producida como respuesta ante un estímulo ocasionado por diversos escenarios como pueden ser procesos traumáticos o patológicos, los cuales no permiten una adecuada recuperación del paciente. Se presentó una población de diez gatos con varios cuadros clínicos, los cuales fueron medidos con escala de mueca felina y obtuvieron un puntaje de dolor de entre 0 a 5 sobre 10 del nivel de dolor, una vez evaluado su puntaje se administró analgesia. Cada paciente fue medido una segunda vez, y como resultado se observó una disminución significativa del dolor entre un 12 a un 40 % en su escala de medición, lo cual permitió deducir que el tratamiento aplicado fue el adecuado. El uso de esta escala permite ofrecer una mejor atención al paciente en cuanto al reconocimiento del dolor, mediante, una cuantificación objetiva a fin de tener una idea más clara de su padecimiento y así poder tratarlo conforme a sus necesidades. Con la muestra poblacional estudiada (n=10) se obtuvo una escala de medición entre 0 a 5 sobre 10 puntos de estimación del dolor en total de la muestra de la población de gatos incluida en el estudio, siendo más frecuentes las puntuaciones de 4 a 5 previo a la administración de analgesia. En la presente investigación se pudo determinar, que el dolor agudo está asociado a traumatismo múltiple, en tanto que el dolor intenso se asocia a problemas neurológicos, obstrucción por cuerpo extraño, parasitosis y procesos quirúrgicos programados.</jats:p>
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Exploring zinc deficiency using serum Zn levels: consequences and potential solutions in suckling pigs
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2023-11-30)
Laia Blavi
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VILLAGOMEZ ESTRADA, SANDRA DANIELA
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David Solà-Oriol
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José F Pérez
Three trials were undertaken to provide an answer to different questions: 1) Are suckling pigs able to maintain physiological serum Zn levels throughout lactation and do these levels vary between high and low body weight (BW) pigs?, 2) Are serum Zn levels in pigs soon after weaning a predisposing factor for diarrhea?, and 3) Is it possible to increase serum Zn levels at weaning by supplementing Zn during lactation. In trial 1, blood samples were taken from pigs during lactation. Eight pigs (one piglet per litter) had blood drawn on days 0 (farrowing), 7, 14, 21, and 28 (weaning), and 60 pigs (selected from the whole farrowing batch with 35 sows), categorized as either heavy (8.63 kg) or light (5.50 kg) had blood drawn on day 28. Serum Zn levels at birth were 1.2 mg/L and decreased (P &lt; 0.01) to 0.67 mg/L on day 28. Heavier pigs showed greater (P &lt; 0.01) serum Zn levels (0.98 mg/L) than light BW pigs (0.79 mg/L). In trial 2, blood samples were obtained from 240 pigs at weaning (26.2 ± 2.5 d) with an average initial BW of 6.94 ± 1.87 kg and were distributed into 24 pens (10 pigs/pen) by BW. Diarrhea incidence was recorded daily from days 0 to 35 post-weaning. From the 240 pigs, a group of 110 pigs with uniform BW (6.5 ± 1.9 kg) was selected and separated into two groups based on serum Zn levels at weaning with 55 pigs with low serum Zn (LZn: &lt;0.71 mg/L) and 55 pigs with high serum Zn (HZn: &gt;0.9 mg/L). Pigs with LZn were 2.49 times as likely to have diarrhea as pigs with HZn (P &lt; 0.02). In trial 3, a total of 96 suckling pigs were allotted four treatments that consisted of the daily administration of 0, 6, 18, or 30 mg of Zn as Zn citrate in capsule form during the last 7 d of lactation. Pigs were individually weighed, and blood samples were obtained on days 14, 21 (weaning), and 7 after weaning. Serum Zn levels linearly increased by day as Zn citrate supplementation increased (interaction, P &lt; 0.001). However, only light pigs supplemented with 18 and 30 mg/L of Zn experienced an increase in serum Zn levels during lactation. In conclusion, a decrease in serum Zn levels occurs during lactation and is more severe in low BW pigs. Low Zn status (&lt; 0.7 mg/L) at weaning may be a predisposing factor for diarrhea. However, Zn supplementation during lactation can mitigate this decrease in light pigs.
Scopus© Citations 4
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Specialized Feed-Additive Blends of Short- and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Improve Sow and Pig Performance During Nursery and Post-Weaning Phase
(MDPI AG, 2024-12-20)
VILLAGOMEZ ESTRADA, SANDRA DANIELA
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MELO DURÁN, DIEGO ALEXANDER
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Sandra van Kuijk
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José F. Pérez
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David Solà-Oriol
The present study investigates the impact of supplementing diets with a synergistic blend of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs-MCFAs) during the peripartum and lactation phases on early microbial colonization and the subsequent growth performance of newborn pigs. The experiment involved 72 sows and their litters, with a follow-up on 528 weaned pigs. Sows were fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with SCFAs-MCFAs and the pigs were monitored for their growth performance and microbial populations. Subsequently, selected weaned pigs were allotted to an SCFAs-MCFAs diet according to the maternal diet. Results showed that SCFAs-MCFAs supplementation led to reduced backfat loss in sows and improved pig weight and uniformity at weaning (p < 0.05). Additionally, suckling pigs exhibited significant shifts in gut microbiota, including increased lactic acid bacteria and reduced Streptococcus suis populations (p < 0.05). Although there was no influence of maternal diet on pig growth after weaning, there was a modulation on bacterial populations at 7 and 35 days post-weaning. Pigs fed SCFAs-MCFAs demonstrated improved feed efficiency with notable reductions in E. coli and Streptococcus suis counts. The findings suggest that maternal dietary supplementation with SCFAs-MCFAs can positively influence both sow and pig performance, offering a potential strategy to enhance productivity and health in the commercial swine production.
Scopus© Citations 5

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía

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