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    Relationship between trunk diameter fluctuations and physiological variables in adult cocoa trees
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2025-06-03) ;
    Manuel Carrillo
    ;
    Braulio Lahuathe
    ;
    Luis Vera
    ;
    Alvaro Chipantiza
    It is important to know the water status of cocoa plants because a water deficit negatively affects fruit set and fruit maturity reducing their quality. The objective of this work is determining the existence of a relationship between the fluctuation of trunk diameter and the water status of adult cocoa trees which will allow a continuous and low-cost measurement of the water status of the plants. To meet this objective a trial was carried out at Hacienda La Clemencia located in the province of Guayas- Ecuador, the foliar and stem water potentials, maximum daily trunk fluctuations (MCDT), gas exchange, and soil moisture levels were evaluated. The trial was conducted for 128 days, from July to October 2023. The physiological variables were measured twice a week, while the meteorological variables, soil moisture, and MCDT were recorded continuously. The results showed that there is a correlation between the physiological variables evaluated and MCDT. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between stem potential and MCDT in adult cocoa plants.
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    Electromechanical flight stabilization system for CubeSat nanosatellites
    (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2024-12-05) ;
    Karla E. Mora
    The objective of the research was to design and simulate a stabilization system for attitude control of CubeSat nanosatellites in LEO orbit. The electronic system was inside the mechanical system, designed in Proteus. The mechanical system was designed in SolidWorks, then a CubeSat 3U CAD was downloaded for simulation and finally, all CAD designs were assembled. These data were used for the analysis of the spatial environmental perturbations of aerodynamic drag, gradient, gravity and magnetic field. Attitude representation was done by analyzing the Euler, Poisson and Quaternions equations. Then, a fuzzy logic control was created with two cases for automatic control. The analysis and virtual reality simulation revealed the correct attitude control on the CubeSat 3U nanosatellite, considering the perturbations of the space environment and a new 25° orientation of each axis.
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    Mathematical Model of an Inverted Pendulum with Two Degrees of Rotation
    The mathematical modeling and control of the inverted pendulum is a fairly extended case study due to the nonlinearity of the system, its inherent instability in the equilibrium position and sensitivity to external disturbances. Numerous variations of this problem exist, as well as approaches for obtaining the model and the design of control strategies. This work proposes the derivation of the mathematical model for a variant of the inverted pendulum capable of rotating about two axes, mounted at the end of a five-bar mechanism. The approach involves certain simplifications and a strategy to decompose the mechanism into decoupled subsystems, resulting in a linearized mathematical model for a subsystem corresponding to each possible rotation of the inverted pendulum.
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    Control de filtrado de fluidos de perforación petrolera de bajo impacto ambiental mediante el uso de almidón de yuca
    (SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), 2023)
    Fausto Ramos Aguirre
    ;
    ; ;
    Jonathan Guaquipana Paredes
    ;
    Henry Romero Cortez
    El filtrado de fluidos durante las perforaciones petroleros es una anomalía técnica que conlleva a perdidas debido a una extracción inadecuada y por el desplazamiento del petróleo dentro del pozo, actualmente existen un sin número de controladores de filtrado, sin embargo, los mismos resultan altamente costosos. En los últimos años se ha usado el almidón de yuca (Manihot esculetum) por sus propiedades físico-químicas, resultando una alternativa sustentable. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta investigación fue obtener y evaluar un controlador de filtrado para fluidos de perforación de pozos petroleros, en base a almidón de yuca. Para ello se realizaron pruebas de control de filtrado y reología usando como tratamiento almidón de yuca nativa fermentada y las mismas fueron analizada y comparadas con norma de Especificación API 13A 18a edición, para fluidos de perforación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el controlador de filtrado a una concentración de 10 lb/1bl H2O, mantiene valores mínimos de reología que no afectan al controlador, con valores similares a los estándares usado para fluidos de perforación, sin embargo la hidrolisis del almidón no fue eficiente para mejorar sus cualidades, dado que mayor tiempo del control del filtrado es menos eficiente y el fluido incrementa la acidez, afectando sus propiedades reologicas, el uso del almidón de yuca es una alternativa para el control de filtrado de fluidos de perforación con mínimo impacto ambiental, al no poseer el almidón de yuca, componentes tóxicos para la fauna y flora de ecosistema intervenido.
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    Physiological traits, cadmium bioaccumulation and biomass distribution in seven cocoa genotypes
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2025-10-09) ;
    Manuel Carrillo-Zenteno
    ;
    Roger Pincay-Ganchozo
    ;
    Jair Rendón-Holguín
    ;
    Ricardo Luna-Murillo
    Introduction Cocoa plants tend to accumulate significant amounts of cadmium (Cd) in their beans and derived products due to their high affinity for Cd, which can pose challenges for commercialization. Research on the variations in Cd absorption capability among cocoa genotypes is still limited. Aims This study assessed physiological traits, soil pH, soil electrical conductivity (EC), macronutrient concentrations, Cd bioaccumulation, and biomass distribution in seven cocoa genotypes (CCN-51, EET-103, IMC-67, POUND-12, EET-399, EET-95 and EET-400) grown in greenhouse. Methods The genotypes were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates, assessing variables such as chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange, pH, soil EC, macronutrient concentration, Cd uptake and transfer, Cd bioaccumulation, and dry root and shoot biomass. Results and discussion Results showed no significant differences in chlorophyll content and gas exchange between genotypes, although EET-103 exhibited a higher transpiration rate. A significant reduction in gas exchange occurred 80 days after sowing, associated with decreases in chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance. The soil displayed a strongly acidic pH (≤5.5) and high EC (6 dS m-1) across all genotypes, with no significant inter-genotype differences observed. Cadmium accumulation was nine times higher in the shoot than in the roots, with EET-95 showing a reducedCd uptake capacity, and EET-399 demonstrating limited Cd transfer from root toshoot. Conclusion The genotype with the highest Cd absorption and shoot accumulation was CCN-51. Conversely, POUND-12 had the lowest Cd levels in both shoot and root, suggesting its potential as a reference genotype to limit Cd entry to aboveground tissues, especially in soils with elevated Cd concentrations.
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    CubeSat Nanosatellite-Based Greenhouse Gas Detection
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025-10-02) ;
    Mishell Cadena Yanez
    ;
    Solar radiation is essential for life on Earth. When it reaches our planet, a portion is absorbed by the Earth’s surface and oceans, generating heat and giving rise to the climate patterns we know. Another portion of this radiation is reflected into space, providing important information about our planet’s surfaces. Using greenhouse gas sensors installed on nanosatellites in LEO orbits can help detect and mitigate this current problem. This paper presents the design and simulation of a system that can be coupled to the subsystems of a 3U CubeSat nanosatellite. The results demonstrate that it is feasible and functional.