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    Genetic diversity of the Andean blackberry (<i>Rubus glaucus</i>Benth.) in Ecuador assessed by AFLP markers
    (Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2020-08) ;
    Eduardo Morillo
    ;
    Wilson Vásquez-Castillo
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Andean blackberry (<jats:italic>Rubus glaucus</jats:italic>Benth.) is an emerging fruit crop with significant commercial potential. Despite its growing popularity, basic research about its genetic resources and breeding remains insufficient. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of Andean blackberry cultivars and related berries species from the main production areas in Ecuador. We analysed a total of 106 samples and performed DNA screening with different molecular markers: random-amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and a set of representative samples with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). The tested RAPD primers did not reveal any differentiation among accessions identified as<jats:italic>R. glaucus</jats:italic>, however one ISSR primer was useful to find polymorphisms allowing the selection of 29 accessions for the analysis with AFLP markers. AFLP-M13 technology was used for screen genetic variations among these accessions and eight wild<jats:italic>Rubus</jats:italic>accessions. We scored 203 bands using five primer combinations; out of these 152 were informative in<jats:italic>R. glaucus</jats:italic>. AFLP markers clearly distinguish<jats:italic>R. glaucus</jats:italic>from the screened wild<jats:italic>Rubus</jats:italic>species, also an unexpected genetic structure was revealed among<jats:italic>R. glaucus</jats:italic>cultivars. This genetic differentiation and detection of admixed genotypes suggest a possible introgression of wild<jats:italic>Rubus</jats:italic>species in<jats:italic>R. glaucus</jats:italic>. Our findings are relevant for blackberry genetic breeding and use of these genetic resources.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 4
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    First Report of <i>Pantoea ananatis</i> Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Maize in Ecuador
    (Scientific Societies, 2021-10-01)
    A. Toaza
    ;
    R. B. Caiza
    ;
    A. D. Garrido
    ;
    C. R. Moreno
    ;
    J. Guevara
    Scopus© Citations 7
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    First Report of Strawberry Wilt Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> in Ecuador
    (Scientific Societies, 2020-05)
    J. Guevara
    ;
    A. Toaza
    ;
    A. D. Garrido
    ;
    D. A. Jarrin
    ;
    L. A. Ramos
    Scopus© Citations 1
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    First Report of Pectobacterium brasiliense Causing Banana Soft Rot in Ecuador
    (Scientific Societies, 2024-02-01)
    A. Toaza
    ;
    R. Caiza
    ;
    F. J. Garrido
    ;
    ;
    L. A. Ramos
    Banana (Musa spp.) is the most economically important crop in Ecuador, with exports representing 35% of the agricultural GDP of the country. It covers 230,000 ha, mostly concentrated in three coastal provinces, Guayas, Los Ríos, and El Oro. Between July and September 2022, disease symptomatic banana cultivar Williams plants were observed in commercial plantations located in two parishes in the province of Guayas (Naranjito and Lorenzo de Garaicoa) and one parish in the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (La Concordia), with an incidence that ranged from 5 to 15%. Symptoms included soft rot of the pseudostem and rhizome decay, characterized by a fetid odor. Three symptomatic pseudostems from each location were collected, washed with running water to remove any debris, and dried with absorbent paper. From the lesion of each pseudostem, seven pieces of 2 cm2 were taken, surface sterilized, and macerated in 9 ml of sterile peptone water (0.1% w/v). The macerate was diluted threefold in sterile water, plated on nutrient agar, and incubated at 30°C for 24 h. Eight randomly picked colonies, with convex elevation and creamy white color, were isolated on nutrient agar. Each of the bacterial isolates was biochemically profiled by the Biolog system (Biolog, U.S.A.) and identified as Pectobacterium. Three isolates, one from each parish (FP220416, FP220694, and FP220904), were selected for testing Koch’s postulates and further identification. Sequences from fragments of the 16S, dnaA, gapA, and gyrB genes were obtained from these isolates, following the protocols used by Dobhal et al. (2020) and Boluk et al. (2020), showing 98.1 to 99.0%, 98.2%, 99.7 to 99.8%, and 98.4 to 98.9% identity, respectively, with sequences from the Pectobacterium brasiliense type strain LMG_21371 (accession no. JQOE00000000). The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank with the following accession numbers: OR392417, OR371545, OR371546, OR727281, OR727282, and OR739074 to OR739080. Using BEAST version 1.10.4 (Suchard et al. 2018), a Bayesian multilocus phylogenetic tree was built with multiple sequence alignments of dnaA, gapA, and gyrB from 22 P. brasiliense isolates and two P. aquaticum isolates used as outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Ecuadorian isolates cluster with P. brasiliense BF20 isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica in Mexico and are closely related with the type strain. Pathogenicity tests were conducted through syringe infiltration with 1 ml of 1 × 108 CFU/ml bacterial suspension. Each of the three characterized isolates were inoculated into the pseudostems of five healthy 4-month-old banana plants of the cultivar Williams. Negative control plants were infiltrated with sterile distilled water. The plants were incubated at 25°C and 74% relative humidity. Black lesions started to appear 11 days after inoculation, and 5 weeks after inoculation plants showed clear symptoms of soft rot of the pseudostem, including fetid odor associated with plant tissue decomposition. The control plants remained symptom-free. Bacteria were reisolated only from symptomatic pseudostems and identified as P. brasiliense with the specific primers Pb1F and Pb1R.
    Scopus© Citations 1
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    Current Research on Andean Fruit Crop Diseases
    (Springer International Publishing, 2020)
    Erika Benítez
    ;
    William Viera
    ;
    ;
    Scopus© Citations 6
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    First report of apple mosaic virus infecting Rosa spp. in Pichincha province, Ecuador
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-08-24)
    María Lizzethe Paz
    ;
    Yeturu Sivaprasad
    ;
    ;
    Ligia Ayala
    ;
    Karla Méndez
    Scopus© Citations 1
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    Survey of clenbuterol in bovine muscle and liver in Ecuador
    (Informa UK Limited, 2020-03-09)
    Wania Espinoza
    ;
    Paul Vargas Jentzsch
    ;
    Fernando Gualpa
    ;
    Paulette Andrade
    ;
    Carla Moreno
    Scopus© Citations 6
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    Raman spectroscopy in the detection of adulterated essential oils: The case of nonvolatile adulterants
    (Wiley, 2021-03-04)
    Paul Vargas Jentzsch
    ;
    Christian Sandoval Pauker
    ;
    Paola Zárate Pozo
    ;
    Marco Sinche Serra
    ;
    Gonzalo Jácome Camacho
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Essential oils are liquid mixtures of volatile compounds extracted from plants. Their quality is usually controlled via gas chromatography (GC), although with limitations when adulterants are nonvolatile substances. The essential oils of lavender (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:italic>Lavandula angustifolia</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> Mill.), peppermint (<jats:italic>Mentha piperita</jats:italic> L.), patchouli (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:italic>Pogostemon cablin</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> Benth), and their adulterated versions were measured by GC coupled to flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) and Raman spectroscopy. Canola oil, a nonvolatile substance, was used as the adulterant. The adulterated essential oils contained 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (v/v) of canola oil. Chromatograms of the adulterated essential oils containing 20% (v/v) of canola oil showed decrements in peak areas of the essential oil components, compared with peaks of the pure essential oils. The highest decrements were observed for the adulterated essential oil of patchouli. In general, detection of adulterated essential oils by simple visual inspection of the Raman features was difficult, due to slight differences observed in the spectra. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) allowed achieving a good spectral discrimination between pure and adulterated essential oils. These results suggest that Raman spectroscopy can overcome limitations of GC‐based methods, thus becoming an interesting alternative and complementary technique for quality control of essential oils.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 28
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    Complete Genome Sequence of
    <i>Lily Symptomless Virus</i>
    , Isolated from
    <i>Alstroemeria</i>
    Plants in Ecuador
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2019-06-27) ; ;
    Fiama Guevara
    ;
    Roberto Granda
    ;
    Kenneth M. Stedman
    <jats:p> In this work, we present the complete genome sequence of <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Lily symptomless virus</jats:named-content> isolated from <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Alstroemeria</jats:named-content> plants. The genome is 8,391-bp long, arranged into six open reading frames (ORFs), with a 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of 55 nucleotides (nt) and a 3′-UTR of 48 nt. </jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 2
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