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Association between type of health insurance and dental visits among Ecuadorian older population: evidence from a cross-sectional study
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-01-08)
Marite Falquez
;
Adriana Canessa Rojas
;
Antonio Lanata-Flores
;
Freddy Espinoza-Carrasco
;
Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda
Background: Dental services are often overlooked within healthcare systems, despite their critical role in overall health. Socioeconomic barriers and disparities in insurance coverage frequently limit access to oral care, particularly among vulnerable populations like older adults. Objective: To examine the impact of different health insurance types on the frequency of dental consultations among Ecuadorian senior citizens, aiming to highlight gaps in access to care. Methods: Using the 2009 National Survey of Health, Well-being, and Aging (SABE), which aims to determine the health and living conditions of older individuals, this study analyzed the health insurance status and dental service visits of 4,565 older adults in Ecuador. Binary logistic regression was employed to explore the association between insurance type and dental-care utilization. Results: In the sample, 76.50% of older adults had not visited a dentist in the past year. Insurance breakdown revealed 17.04% with general IESS, 9.59% with rural IESS, 2.23% with private insurance, 1.86% with ISSFA/ISSPOL, 1.86% with municipal insurance, and 69.66% were uninsured. Individuals with private insurance or ISSFA/ISSPOL insurance were 32% and 91% more likely, respectively, to seek oral care compared to those without these respective insurances. Conversely, uninsured individuals were 43% less likely to seek dental care than those with any type of insurance. Conclusion: Health insurance significantly influences the frequency of dental consultations among Ecuadorian seniors, highlighting the need for policy interventions to ensure equitable access to oral care.
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Experiencias y desafíos de la Comisión nacional asesora de eventos supuestamente atribuibles a la vacunación o inmunización graves de Ecuador, 2020-2023
(Pan American Health Organization, 2024-12-16)
SIMANCAS RACINES, DANIEL ALEJANDRO
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PARISE VASCO, JUAN MARCOS
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Sebastián Baldeón-Espinosa
;
Rosa R. Aguinaga
;
Gabriela Vinueza-Valencia
Objective. To describe the experiences of the National Advisory Commission on Serious Events Supposedly Attributable to Vaccination or Immunization (ESAVI) implemented in Ecuador for the period 2020-2023. Method. A report analyzing the implementation, operations, and results of the National Advisory Commission on Serious ESAVI in Ecuador was prepared. A quantitative analysis of vaccination records was carried out, as well as a qualitative analysis based on expert interviews, reflecting the direct experiences and operational challenges faced by the members of the Commission. Results. Implementation of the Commission has allowed for the systematic recording and analysis of serious ESAVIs. Of 256 reported cases, 139 were analyzed: 59% were considered coincident events; 16.6%, unclassifiable; 6.5%, indeterminate; 5%, stress-related; 3.6% as events related to a programmatic error; and 9.4% as vaccine-related, which included allergic reactions, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and thrombosis, among others. The experts highlighted the need to improve staff training and technology infrastructure, and noted that the Commission played a crucial role in monitoring vaccine safety, as well as in increasing public confidence in vaccination processes. Conclusions. The National Advisory Commission has played an essential role in vaccine safety surveillance in Ecuador by ensuring reporting, causality analysis, and investigation of serious ESAVIs. Challenges were identified and will need to be addressed to maintain public trust in immunization programs.
Scopus© Citations 1
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Thyroid cancer in Ecuador: A genetic variants review and a cross-sectional population-based analysis before and after COVID-19 pandemic
(Elsevier BV, 2024-01)
PAZ CRUZ, ELUIS ANDRES
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CADENA ULLAURI, SANTIAGO ANDRE
;
Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
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GUEVARA RAMIREZ, ALEXANDRA PATRICIA
;
RUIZ POZO, VIVIANA ALEJANDRA
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe the genetic variants present in the Ecuadorian population and the incidence and mortality patterns of thyroid cancer in Ecuador from 2016 to 2021. Methods: The present research constitutes a nationwide cross-sectional study encompassing all reported cases of thyroid cancer (C-73) in Ecuador from 2016 to 2021. Incidence rates were calculated based on the annual population at risk, considering factors such as ethnicity, sex, age group, and the geographic location of the incidence. All data was collected from the Hospital Discharge Statistics and the Statistical Registry of General Deaths Databases. Results: Between 2016 and 2021, a total of 20,297 hospital admissions and 921 deaths attributed to thyroid cancer were reported in Ecuador. The incidence of thyroid cancer remained relatively stable from 2016 to 2019. However, there was a notable decrease in 2020, followed by an increase in 2021. Notably, thyroid cancer prevalence rates were found to be higher in highlands regions. Moreover, two genetic variants, the BRAFV600E and KITL678F, have been identified in the Ecuadorian population. It is noteworthy that women exhibited a higher susceptibility to thyroid cancer, being five times more likely than men to develop this condition. Conclusion: Ecuador exhibits one of the highest global incidences of thyroid cancer. Consequently, describing the genetic variants and epidemiological characteristics of thyroid cancer is imperative for enhancing healthcare access and formulating evidence-based public health policies. This research contributes towards a comprehensive understanding of thyroid cancer in the Ecuadorian context, aiming to improve targeted interventions and health outcomes.
Scopus© Citations 7
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Genomic analysis of an Ecuadorian individual carrying an SCN5A rare variant
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-07-27)
CADENA ULLAURI, SANTIAGO ANDRE
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GUEVARA RAMIREZ, ALEXANDRA PATRICIA
;
Rita Ibarra-Castillo
;
José Luis Laso-Bayas
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RUIZ POZO, VIVIANA ALEJANDRA
Background: Ion channels, vital transmembrane protein complexes, regulate ion movement within cells. Germline variants in channel-encoding genes lead to channelopathies. The sodium channels in cardiac cells exhibit a structure of an alpha subunit and one to two beta subunits. The alpha subunit, encoded by the SCN5A gene, comprises four domains. Case presentation: A fifteen-year-old Ecuadorian female with atrial flutter and abnormal sinus rhythm with no familial history of cardiovascular disease underwent NGS with the TruSight Cardio kit (Illumina). A likely pathogenic SCN5A gene variant (NM_188056.2:c.2677 C > Tp. Arg893Cys) was identified, associated with arrhythmias, long QT, atrial fibrillation, and Brugada syndrome. Ancestral analysis revealed a predominant European component (43.9%), followed by Native American (35.7%) and African (20.4%) components. Conclusions: The participant presents atrial flutter and conduction disorders, despite lacking typical cardiovascular risk factors. The proband carries a SCN5A variant that has not been previously reported in Latin America and may be associated to her phenotype. The documented arginine-to-cysteine substitution at position 893 in the protein is crucial for various cellular functions. The subject’s mixed genetic composition highlights potential genetic contributors to atrial flutter, emphasizing the need for comprehensive genetic studies, particularly in mixed populations like Ecuadorians. This case underscores the importance of genetic analysis for personalized treatment and the significance of studying diverse genetic backgrounds in understanding cardiovascular diseases.
Scopus© Citations 4

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