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Actual macronutrient composition of the Mediterranean diet and its association with adiposity and inflammation: a cross-sectional real-life study
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-11-11)
Claudia Vetrani
;
Evelyn Frias-Toral
;
Annamaria Di Martino
;
Federica Cantelli
;
Chiara Graziadio
Background and objectives The Mediterranean diet (MD) relies on a specific food consumption pattern that has been given pleiotropic effects on human health. However, even foods typically considered beneficial within the MD framework may vary in macronutrient composition, potentially leading to imbalanced or unhealthy dietary profiles despite overall adherence. To date, no study has evaluated the total energy intake and percentage macronutrient composition in a cohort of adult individuals stratified by their adherence to MD. We aimed to investigate the total energy intake and macronutrient composition among individuals stratified by adherence to MD, and its association with indices of adiposity and inflammation. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1342 volunteers. Participants underwent clinical examination (anthropometry, body composition, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assessment), and nutritional data collection, including adherence to MD (PREDIMED questionnaire) and habitual diet composition (7-day food records). The associations between PREDIMED score, macronutrient composition, and clinical outcomes were explored by Pearson’s correlation. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the macronutrient that best predicted adherence to MD. Results Participants with high adherence to MD (H-MD) presented lower intake of carbohydrate, while higher protein and fat amounts than individuals with medium (M-HD) or low (L-MD) adherence to MD. The H-MD group showed lower adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass) and C-reactive protein concentrations than individuals in the M-MD and L-MD groups p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Linear regression analysis showed low carbohydrate intake as the best predictor of high PREDIMED score (β: -0.875; p < 0.001). Conclusion H-MD is characterised by lower carbohydrate, higher protein and fat intakes than those usually reported in nutritional recommendations. This profile was significantly associated with lower adiposity and inflammation. A low carbohydrate amount was the best predictor of H-MD, suggesting that dietary carbohydrate should be on the lower side of the recommended range.
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Harnessing nutrition to combat MASLD: a comprehensive guide to food-based therapeutic strategies
(Informa UK Limited, 2025-05-06)
Reytor-gonzález Claudia
;
Simancas-racines Daniel
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Campuzano Donoso Martín
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Castano Jimenez Janeth C.
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Román-galeano Náthaly Mercedes
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is a growing global health issue linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Diet plays a key role in its progression and management. This narrative review highlights evidence-based nutritional strategies, including the Mediterranean diet, low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets, and high-fiber intake, which improve insulin sensitivity, reduce hepatic fat, and lower inflammation. Nutritional deficiencies, such as low vitamin D, choline, and omega-3 levels, exacerbate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, emphasizing the need for targeted supplementation. Emerging approaches, including gut microbiota modulation, precision nutrition, and nutraceuticals like resveratrol and curcumin, offer promising therapeutic potential. A multidisciplinary approach integrating dietary and lifestyle modifications is essential for effective metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease management.
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Nutritional Strategies for Battling Obesity-Linked Liver Disease: the Role of Medical Nutritional Therapy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Management
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-01-11)
SIMANCAS RACINES, DANIEL ALEJANDRO
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Giuseppe Annunziata
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Ludovica Verde
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Federica Fascì-Spurio
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REYTOR GONZÁLEZ, CLAUDIA MARÍA
Purpose of Review: This narrative review explores the role of Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) in managing Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It aims to examine the effectiveness of specific nutritional strategies in preventing and treating this obesity-linked liver disease. Recent Findings: Emerging evidence underscores the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, low-carbohydrate diets, and intermittent fasting in reducing liver fat, improving insulin sensitivity, and mitigating inflammation. Supplementing with vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, and silymarin can potentially reduce liver fibrosis and promote liver health. Summary: MNT is a key intervention for MASLD management, emphasizing dietary patterns, caloric restriction, and nutraceutical supplementation. Integrating these strategies with lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity, offers a comprehensive approach to improving metabolic and liver outcomes in patients with MASLD. Further research is needed to refine and personalize these therapeutic interventions.
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Impact of fundamental components of the Mediterranean diet on the microbiota composition in blood pressure regulation
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-05-03)
ZAMBRANO ESPINOSA, ANA KARINA
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CADENA ULLAURI, SANTIAGO ANDRE
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Ruiz Pozo Viviana A.
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TAMAYO TRUJILLO, VICTOR RAFAEL
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PAZ CRUZ, ELIUS ANDRES
Background: The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a widely studied dietary pattern reflecting the culinary traditions of Mediterranean regions. High adherence to MedDiet correlates with reduced blood pressure and lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. Furthermore, microbiota, influenced by diet, plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health, and dysbiosis in CVD patients suggests the possible beneficial effects of microbiota modulation on blood pressure. The MedDiet, rich in fiber and polyphenols, shapes a distinct microbiota, associated with higher biodiversity and positive health effects. The review aims to describe how various Mediterranean diet components impact gut microbiota, influencing blood pressure dynamics. Main body: The MedDiet promotes gut health and blood pressure regulation through its various components. For instance, whole grains promote a healthy gut microbiota given that they act as substrates leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that can modulate the immune response, preserve gut barrier integrity, and regulate energy metabolism. Other components of the MedDiet, including olive oil, fuits, vegetables, red wine, fish, and lean proteins, have also been associated with blood pressure and gut microbiota regulation. Conclusion: The MedDiet is a dietary approach that offers several health benefits in terms of cardiovascular disease management and its associated risk factors, including hypertension. Furthermore, the intake of MedDiet components promote a favorable gut microbiota environment, which, in turn, has been shown that aids in other physiological processes like blood pressure regulation.
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Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and its association with gastric cancer: health benefits from a Planeterranean perspective
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-05-21)
REYTOR GONZÁLEZ, CLAUDIA MARÍA
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ZAMBRANO ESPINOSA, ANA KARINA
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Martha Montalvan
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Evelyn Frias-Toral
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Alison Simancas-Racines
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has garnered increasing attention for its potential protective effects against gastric cancer (GC). The MD’s rich content of antioxidants, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds contributes to its ability to modulate gene expression, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate apoptosis. Studies have shown significant reductions in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) among individuals adhering to the MD, suggesting its pivotal role in mitigating chronic inflammation-associated with cancer development. Furthermore, the MD’s anti-angiogenic properties, particularly in components like olive oil, red wine, fish, and tomatoes, offer promising avenues for reducing GC risk by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Additionally, the MD’s influence on intestinal microbiota composition underscores its potential in maintaining immune homeostasis and reducing systemic inflammation, factors crucial in GC prevention. Despite challenges such as variability in dietary adherence scoring systems and the need for further gender and geographical-specific studies, evidence supports the MD as a cost-effective and holistic approach to GC prevention. Emphasizing the role of nutrition in public health is a promising strategy with broad implications for global health and cancer prevention initiatives. Therefore, this review explores the multifaceted impacts of the MD on GC prevention, delving into its anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and molecular mechanisms.

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