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Dolby Atmos a breakthrough in cinema sound?
(2025-06-25)
IDROVO ZAMBRANO, RENÉ FERNANDO
Today one could argue that cinema has reached a point of ‘technical perfection’, certainly the closest that we have been to what Bazin denominated “total cinema”. Film art has constantly evolved in parallel to technological developments, which have gradu-ally moved forward towards the ‘achievement’ of such a total cinematic experience. In terms of audio, the cinema is today able to absorb us with sounds that emanate from around and above the audience, creating this way highly realistic—although imagi-nary—three-dimensional worlds. Under this premise, this article aims to explore the technical characteristics of Dolby Atmos, an object-based sound system that has consolidated its position as the leading solution for the production and delivery of immer-sive cinematic sound. The potential and challenges that this platform presents will be analysed here considering the opinions of several sound professionals, which shall give us clues regarding a better utilization of Dolby’s most advanced sonic platform.
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Educational interventions and contextual factors for optimising antibiotic prescription in paediatric uncomplicated acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: scoping review of reviews
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-05-26)
Usue Elizondo-Alzola
;
Claudio Rocha
;
Leire Leache
;
Montserrat León-García
;
Luis Carlos Saiz
Background: Inappropriate antibiotic prescription in paediatric uncomplicated acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in primary care (PC) settings contributes to antimicrobial resistance. We aimed (1) to identify and describe educational interventions and their components to optimise antibiotic prescription for paediatric uncomplicated ARTIs in PC, and (2) to map contextual factors that may influence antibiotic prescription and the implementation of interventions. Methods: We searched three electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL and Epistemonikos) to identify reviews on the effectiveness of educational interventions and contextual factors, for optimising antibiotic prescription (Concept) in paediatric uncomplicated ARTIs (Population) in PC (Context). We included reviews that reported explicitly the search strategy used. Two previously calibrated reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological limitations. We applied the “best-fit framework synthesis approach”, based on the main constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and coded the data deductively by groups of analysis for reviews reporting effectiveness (e.g. antibiotic or consultation rate) or by thematic synthesis for reviews reporting contextual factors (e.g. healthcare professionals’ knowledge) based on a logic model. Results: We identified 11 reviews evaluating education intervention and their characteristics, including 182 interventions with at least one educational component (educational intervention plus another type, educational or non-educational), with 136 providing information on characteristics and effectiveness. Successful interventions’ characteristics were related to the kind of intervention (e.g. communication skill training), mode of delivery (e.g. face to face), and target population (e.g. parents/caregivers). From the 22 reviews on contextual factors, healthcare professionals’ attitudes and perceptions, knowledge, and health system and professionals’ teams’ organization (inner setting), were the most frequent themes; less information was available on individuals´ characteristics (parents/children) and on outer setting (e.g. policies). Conclusion: We identified a large number of heterogeneous educational interventions. Combining educational interventions plus another type targeting both parents/caregivers and healthcare professionals, and considering their needs and their context may improve antibiotic prescribing in children. Further research is needed on consultation rate, knowledge, attitudes, and satisfaction outcomes and contextual factors, as well as on the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. Registration: The protocol was published in OSF iRegistries in May 2021 (Elizondo-Alzola, U).
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Application of Model-Based Design for Filtering sEMG Signals Using Wavelet Transform
(AG Editor (Argentina), 2025-02-13)
Vladimir Bonilla Venegas
;
Guillermo Mosquera Canchingre
;
Miguel Sánchez Muyulema
;
Jonnathan Ismael Chamba Cruz
;
Nelson Gutiérrez Suquillo
The aim of this study was the integration of model-based design and Wavelet transform techniques for filtering surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. In the first stage the noises and interferences that disturb sEMG signals were analyzed to implement a digital filter in a low-cost embedded system that filters these signals. It was shown that the noises and interferences are caused by various sources. Sources of interference and noise can be divided into internal and external. Internal noise is caused by the electrodes, EMG signals of other muscles, and noise associated with the functioning of other organs such as the heart or stomach. The external noises are due to the electrical environment, the most prominent of which is the direct interference of the power hum, produced by the incorrect grounding of other devices and electromotors. For the analysis of the digital filter, sEMG signals from the biceps muscle were used when the elbow joint was at rest and during flexion and extension movements. Signals from 10 participants who did not have any atrophies or pathologies in the muscle were considered for this stage. Denoising of sEMG signals was performed using different wavelets; the smallest error was observed when using the biorthogonal wavelet 3/5 of level 6 with the soft thresholding method. The wavelet filter was implemented using the V-model, and the Processor in The Loop (PIL) tests helped to determine the characteristics of the embedded system where the digital filter was implemented. The digital filter code was implemented on an ESP32 board due to its processing speed of 328 ms.

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