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Integrated management of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in soybean: Current strategies and the emerging role of β-glucosidase
(Elsevier BV, 2026-01)
Elham Khalili
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HESAM, KAMYAB
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Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
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Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is a destructive, globally distributed soil-borne fungus responsible for charcoal rot and significant yield losses across diverse crops. Effective management remains challenging due to its wide host range, long survival of sclerotia, and adaptability to varied environments. This review synthesizes current knowledge on strategies for controlling M. phaseolina. Traditional agronomic practices such as crop rotation, tillage, and soil solarization are discussed alongside genetic resistance, although host resistance is often incomplete and environmentally influenced. Chemical control using fungicides has been tested, but effectiveness is inconsistent, and no fungicides are registered specifically against M. phaseolina due to its resilient sclerotia. Biological control agents, including antagonistic fungi (e.g., Trichoderma spp.) and bacteria (Bacillus, Pseudomonas), as well as botanicals and plant-derived compounds, represent promising, environmental friendly alternatives. Recent advances highlight the potential of enzyme-based and molecular approaches, particularly β-glucosidase from T. harzianum, genome editing, and nanotechnology, though these remain largely experimental. Overall, integrated management combining cultural, biological, and innovative molecular tools appears to be the most sustainable path forward. This review provides a consolidated resource for researchers and agronomists seeking to develop environmental friendly and cost-effective strategies against charcoal rot.
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A comprehensive review on MXene nanostructures for biosensing, imaging, and therapeutic systems
(Elsevier BV, 2026-02)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Ehsan Vafa
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Maryam Mirzae
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Milad Abbasi
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Ahmad Vaez
Because of their exceptional electrical, mechanical, dimensional, chemical, and magnetic characteristics, MXenes have attracted an abundance of interest in scholarly study lately. According to recent developments and discoveries, MXene, a multilayered compound with a two-dimensional (2D) framework, has a lot greater promise for use in bioengineering and medical research than other nanosystems. These uses encompass medical procedures, administering medications, biosensor technologies, incorporation, antimicrobial agents, and biological imaging. MXenes are very attractive prospects for therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic use because of their distinctive features, which include their substantial conductivity to electricity, magnetic luminescence, wide extent of coverage, excellent biocompatibility, and low toxicological profile. Modifications to the MXene surfaces are biocompatible and serve a variety of purposes, such as directing ligands to certain locations for preferred aggregation, which makes them suitable for use in particular applications. A description of the properties, changes, and synthesis techniques of MXene nanostructures is presented in this work. The practical applications of MXene-derived nanostructures in biomedical fields are also thoroughly evaluated in this study, with an emphasis on implants, biosensing, biological imaging, antibacterial activities, and versatile therapeutic systems. The potential opportunities and difficulties related to the use of MXenes throughout the field of biological medicine are also covered in this paper.
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Enhancing RhB photocatalytic degradation with ZnO/Sb2MoO6 Z-scheme photocatalyst: Evaluation of performance and mechanism
(Elsevier BV, 2026-04)
HESAM, KAMYAB
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Tayebeh Khademi
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Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
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Mohammad Yusuf
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Saravanan Rajendran
Integrating semiconductors to improve light absorption and promote efficient charge-carrier separation is widely regarded as a promising strategy for enhancing photocatalytic performance. Nevertheless, designing heterostructures that simultaneously possess optimal optical characteristics and favorable interfacial energy alignments remains a significant challenge. In this study, a Z-scheme ZnO/Sb₂MoO₆ photocatalyst was successfully fabricated via an efficient hydrothermal synthesis method and employed for photocatalytic RhB degradation for the first time. The XRD results confirmed the successful synthesis of pure bare ZnO, Sb2MoO6, and the ZnO/Sb2MoO6 composite, as evidenced by the characteristic peaks corresponding to these semiconductor materials. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed that the nanocomposite exhibits a broader absorption range, suggesting its potential application as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst. Additionally, the composite demonstrated a smaller radius in the EIS Nyquist plot, a stronger photocurrent response, and a weaker PL emission intensity, all of which indicate reduced charge transfer resistance and more efficient separation of charge carriers. The ZnO/Sb2MoO6 composite demonstrated significantly enhanced and reliable photocatalytic degradation performance compared to individual ZnO and Sb2MoO6. Under optimal conditions (photocatalyst dosage: 1 g L-1, dye concentration: 5 mg L-1, and pH = 9), the composite achieved a degradation rate constant of 589.3 × 10–4 min-1 for RhB. The Z-scheme heterostructure enhances light absorption, effectively suppresses charge-carrier recombination, and enables the spatial separation of oxidation and reduction sites. Additionally, it preserves an optimal alignment of the valence and conduction bands, thereby sustaining the photocatalyst's robust redox activity. This study introduces an easy approach to developing photocatalysts by creating direct Z-scheme electron transfer pathways, enabling highly effective water purification.
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Effect of Bioactive Glass on PXDDA - PXDDA-co-PLA Nanocomposite for Hard Tissue Reconstruction: Synthesis and Characterization
(Elsevier BV, 2025-05)
Ehsan Vafa
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Lobat Tayebi
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Fatemeh Azizli
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Somayeh Parham
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Katayoon Rezaeeparto
Newer bone graft materials face various challenges in achieving optimal mechanical strength, bioactivity, and antibacterial action simultaneously, which can result in suboptimal regeneration outcomes and increased infection risks In the present study, we developed a novel nanocomposite of poly (xylitol- co -dodecanedioic acid) (PXDDA) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with 1–10 wt% incorporation of bioactive glass (BG), utilizing a a PXDDA-co-PLA compatibilizer for maintaining homogeneity. Extensive characterization techniques including, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauere Emmette Teller (BET), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and contact angle measurements, revealed that the addition of BG imparted a microporous, rough surface morphology (with a contact angle of 55–60°), ideal for cell attachment. Mechanical testing demonstrated a significant enhancement with 10 wt% BG, increasing tensile strength by approximately 120 % while reducing elongation. In vitro bioactivity tests indicated that hydroxyapatite deposition depended on BG concentration, reaching a maximum of 96.7 % surface coverage at 10 wt% BG. Antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli confirmed substantial inhibition (approximately 85 % decrease), with saturation occurring at 7 wt% BG. With tunable mechanical properties, enhanced biomineralization, and intrinsic antibacterial capacity, this nanocomposite overcomes the significant limitations of existing bone grafts, providing a clinically viable load-bearing alternative.
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MXenes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Advances, challenges, and future perspectives
(Elsevier BV, 2025-10)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Lobat Tayebi
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Ehsan Vafa
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Mohammad Javad Azizli
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Milad Abbasi
The appealing charm of two-dimensional (2D) materials has sparked a wave of innovation across diverse scientific domains, particularly in the realm of biomedical and therapeutic applications. Among these remarkable materials, MXenes stand out as transition metal nitrides and carbides endowed with extraordinary properties. Boasting low toxicity, expansive surface area, antibacterial prowess, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and impressive electrical conductivity, MXenes hold immense promise for a myriad of biomedical applications from bioimaging to cancer therapy and beyond. Despite their vast potential, challenges persist in ensuring controlled drug release, stability in physiological milieus, and biodegradability. By harnessing the transformative power of nanomedicine, meticulously crafted MXene ultra-thin nanosheets emerge as versatile inorganic nanosystems primed for diverse biomedical roles. Positioned as optimal candidates for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, MXenes mark a new age of healthcare innovation. This article delves into the latest strides made in leveraging 2D MXenes for cutting-edge regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications while shedding light on the formidable obstacles and promising future vistas awaiting exploration with these extraordinary materials.
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Green nanoparticles in agriculture: Enhancing crop growth and stress tolerance
(Elsevier BV, 2025-12)
Jiang YingYing
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Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
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Sungkwon Park
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Asha Anand
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Arun Meyyazhagan
The rapid rise in demand for sustainable agriculture has fueled interest in innovative, eco-friendly approaches to enhance productivity amid climate change and environmental stressors. Among recent advances, green nanoparticles, nanomaterials synthesised via biological routes, have emerged as promising agents for promoting crop productivity and mitigating abiotic and biotic stresses. Plant-mediated nanoparticles, such as metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, have highlighted their roles as a promising alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers and pesticides, due to their superior effectiveness, minimal toxicity, and eco-friendly nature. The physicochemical properties and the mechanisms by which green nanoparticles improve nutrient use efficiency, stimulate plant hormonal dynamics, and bolster antioxidative defense systems. The impacts of green nanoparticles on germination, root and shoot elongation, photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient assimilation are well discussed, showcasing their potential in yield enhancement and vegetative growth. Furthermore, this review also elucidates their function in modulating oxidative stress, activating defense pathways, and conferring tolerance against drought, salinity, heavy metals, and pathogen attacks by influencing plant physiological, molecular, and metabolic responses. By integrating recent findings, this review highlights the dual advantage of green nanoparticles: enhancing crop productivity while minimizing environmental footprint. The challenges related to nanoparticle biosafety, large-scale application, and regulatory frameworks are also addressed. The article concludes by outlining future research directions aimed at harnessing green nanotechnology to achieve sustainable crop production and global food security.
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Microplastics distribution and potential health implications of food and food products
(Elsevier BV, 2025-03-01)
Sana Syed Ansar
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Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
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Aditi Chaudhary
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Karthika Pushparaj
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Niranjana Karukayil Gopalakrishnan
Microplastics, miniscule plastic fragments ubiquitous in the environment, pose a growing threat as they infiltrate our food chain. This review delves into the contamination of various food categories, including seafood, agricultural products, and even processed foods through packaging and processing methods. Developing reliable analytical techniques to accurately detect microplastics levels within complex food matrices is crucial to gauge the true extent of this contamination. Although the entire range of potential health effects associated with microplastic intake is not yet known, there is reason to be concerned about the risks. These include the potential for microplastics to physically hurt the gastrointestinal tract, exposure to chemicals that seep from the polymers themselves, and the potential for microplastics to act as carriers for other dangerous compounds. This analysis identifies important knowledge gaps about the long-term health effects of microplastics exposure. It highlights the urgent need for more investigation to fully assess the possible dangers connected to microplastics in the food chain. Furthermore, it is imperative that efficient mitigation measures be put in place as soon as possible to protect food safety from microplastics contamination. More cooperation is required to create more stringent laws governing the use of plastic, investigate substitute materials for manufacturing and packaging, and create effective filtering systems for the processing of food and water. Through devoted research to close knowledge gaps and the implementation of strong mitigation strategies, can make proactive efforts to safeguard public health and maintain the integrity of our food supply chain for future generations.
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Mxenes as a versatile nanoplatform: Synthesis and emerging biomedical applications
(Elsevier BV, 2025-09-25)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Ehsan Vafa
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Maryam Mirzae
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Milad Abbasi
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Ahmad Vaez
Recently, MXenes have garnered significant attention in academic research due to their remarkable structural, electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. New advancements and emerging findings indicate that MXene, classified as a two-dimensional (2D) layered material, exhibits significantly more potential in the field of biomedicine and biotechnology compared to existing nanosystems. These applications include acting as antibacterial agents, biosensor systems, the delivery and loading of drugs, bioimaging, and therapeutic interventions. The unique characteristics of MXenes, such as their significant electrical conductivity, large surface area, low toxicity, magnetism, luminescence, and high biocompatibility, make them highly promising candidates for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic applications. Surface modifications of MXenes exhibit biocompatibility and have multifunctional functions, including the ability to direct ligands towards specific spots for preferential aggregation, hence enabling their utilization in specialized applications. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics, modifications, and synthesis methods of MXene nanomaterials. The present article also delivers a comprehensive assessment of the practical uses of MXene-based nanomaterials in biomedicine, with a particular focus on biosensing, bioimaging, antibacterial effects, implants, and multifunctional therapeutic platforms. This paper also presents a discussion of the future prospects and challenges associated with the applications of MXenes in the biomedicine field.
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Navigating green synthesized metal-based nanoparticles as anti-inflammatory agent – Comprehensive review
(Elsevier BV, 2025-02-10)
Sumanth Hegde
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Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
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Ridhika Paul
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M Jayalakshmi
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Aatika Nizam
The biosynthesis of nanomaterials is a vast and expanding field of study due to their applications in a variety of fields, particularly the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Various synthetic routes, including physical and chemical methods, have been developed in order to generate metal nanoparticles (NPs) with definite shapes and sizes. In this review, focused on the recent advancements in the green synthetic methods for the generation of silver, zinc and copper NPs with simple and eco-friendly approaches and the potential of the biosynthesized metal and metal oxide NPs as alternative and therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Inflammation is a body's own defense mechanism that can become chronic inflammation affecting healthy cells. Owning to the size-based advantages of NPs which can mitigate in theses medical conditions and serve as anti-inflammatory drugs. The factors influencing their physicochemical properties, toxicity, biocompatibility and mode of action to formulate an effective nanomedicine in the treatment of inflammation.
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MXene-based materials for enhanced water quality: Advances in remediation strategies
(Elsevier BV, 2025-02-01)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Milad Abbasi
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Atena Najdian
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Farzaneh Mohamadpour
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Seyed Reza Kasaee
Two-dimensional MXenes are promising candidates for water treatment because of their large surface area (e.g., exceeding 1000 m²/g for certain structures), high electrical conductivity (e.g., >1000 S/m), hydrophilicity, and chemical stability. Their strong sorption selectivity and effective reduction capacity, exemplified by heavy metal adsorption efficiencies exceeding 95 % in several studies, coupled with facile surface modification, make them suitable for removing diverse contaminants. Applications include the removal of heavy metals (e.g., achieving >90 % removal of Pb(II)), dye removal (e.g., demonstrating >80 % removal of methylene blue), and radioactive waste elimination. Furthermore, 3D MXene architecture exhibit enhanced performance in antibacterial activities (e.g., against bacteria), desalination rejection percentage, and photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants. However, several challenges have remained, which necessitate further investigation into toxicity (e.g., assessing effects on aquatic organisms), scalability, and cost-effectiveness of large-scale production. This review summarizes recent advancements in 3D MXene-based functional materials for wastewater treatment and water remediation, critically analyzing their both potential and limitations.

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