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A comprehensive review on MXene nanostructures for biosensing, imaging, and therapeutic systems
(Elsevier BV, 2026-02)
Ali Mohammad Amani
;
Ehsan Vafa
;
Maryam Mirzae
;
Milad Abbasi
;
Ahmad Vaez
Because of their exceptional electrical, mechanical, dimensional, chemical, and magnetic characteristics, MXenes have attracted an abundance of interest in scholarly study lately. According to recent developments and discoveries, MXene, a multilayered compound with a two-dimensional (2D) framework, has a lot greater promise for use in bioengineering and medical research than other nanosystems. These uses encompass medical procedures, administering medications, biosensor technologies, incorporation, antimicrobial agents, and biological imaging. MXenes are very attractive prospects for therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic use because of their distinctive features, which include their substantial conductivity to electricity, magnetic luminescence, wide extent of coverage, excellent biocompatibility, and low toxicological profile. Modifications to the MXene surfaces are biocompatible and serve a variety of purposes, such as directing ligands to certain locations for preferred aggregation, which makes them suitable for use in particular applications. A description of the properties, changes, and synthesis techniques of MXene nanostructures is presented in this work. The practical applications of MXene-derived nanostructures in biomedical fields are also thoroughly evaluated in this study, with an emphasis on implants, biosensing, biological imaging, antibacterial activities, and versatile therapeutic systems. The potential opportunities and difficulties related to the use of MXenes throughout the field of biological medicine are also covered in this paper.
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Biomedical MXene-polymer nanocomposites: advancing photothermal therapy, antibacterial action, and smart drug delivery: a review
(Elsevier BV, 2025-06)
Ali Mohammad Amani
;
Lobat Tayebi
;
Ehsan Vafa
;
Mohammad Javad Azizli
;
Milad Abbasi
MXenes are hydrophilic, conductive, tunable, and biocompatible two-dimensional ceramic materials prepared by etching the 'A' layer from their precursor MAX phases. Although MXenes show exceptional promise in photothermal therapy, biosensing, and regenerative medicine, they face challenges such as oxidative instability in physiological environments, limited drug-loading capacity, and unpredictable immune responses. To address these limitations, MXene/polymer nanocomposites incorporating both synthetic polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)) and natural biopolymers (e.g., cellulose nanofiber, gelatin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and soybean phospholipids) have been developed. These composites enhance functionality for biomedical applications such as photothermal cancer therapy, biosensors, antibacterial agents, bone regeneration, and targeted drug delivery. The hydrophilic nature of MXenes makes them suitable for transformation into metallic-conductive electrodes, while their compatibility with metals, ceramics, and polymers improves performance in advanced applications. This review paper discusses the properties, synthesis methods, and biomedical applications of MXene/polymer nanocomposites, emphasizing the roles of both synthetic and natural biopolymers. Key achievements include near-infrared (NIR) absorption for efficient drug delivery, anticancer activity, bioimaging, and antimicrobial effects. In addition, the limitations of these nanocomposites and potential solutions are examined.
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MXenes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Advances, challenges, and future perspectives
(Elsevier BV, 2025-10)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Lobat Tayebi
;
Ehsan Vafa
;
Mohammad Javad Azizli
;
Milad Abbasi
The appealing charm of two-dimensional (2D) materials has sparked a wave of innovation across diverse scientific domains, particularly in the realm of biomedical and therapeutic applications. Among these remarkable materials, MXenes stand out as transition metal nitrides and carbides endowed with extraordinary properties. Boasting low toxicity, expansive surface area, antibacterial prowess, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and impressive electrical conductivity, MXenes hold immense promise for a myriad of biomedical applications from bioimaging to cancer therapy and beyond. Despite their vast potential, challenges persist in ensuring controlled drug release, stability in physiological milieus, and biodegradability. By harnessing the transformative power of nanomedicine, meticulously crafted MXene ultra-thin nanosheets emerge as versatile inorganic nanosystems primed for diverse biomedical roles. Positioned as optimal candidates for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, MXenes mark a new age of healthcare innovation. This article delves into the latest strides made in leveraging 2D MXenes for cutting-edge regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications while shedding light on the formidable obstacles and promising future vistas awaiting exploration with these extraordinary materials.
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Bringing ophthalmology into the scientific world: Novel nanoparticle-based strategies for ocular drug delivery
(Elsevier BV, 2025-07-01)
Milad Abbasi
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Hossein Aghamollaei
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Ahmad Vaez
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Ali Mohammad Amani
;
HESAM, KAMYAB
The distinctive benefits and drawbacks of various drug delivery strategies to supply corneal tissue improvement for sense organs have been the attention of studies worldwide in recent decades. Static and dynamic barriers of ocular tissue prevent foreign chemicals from entering and inhibit the active absorption of therapeutic medicines. The distribution of different medications to ocular tissue is one of the most appealing and demanding tasks for investigators in pharmacology, biomaterials, and ophthalmology, and it is critical for cornea wound healing due to the controlled release rate and increased drug bioavailability. It should be mentioned that the transport of various types of medications into the different sections of the eye, particularly the cornea, is exceedingly challenging because of its distinctive structure and various barriers throughout the eye. Nanoparticles are being studied to improve medicine delivery strategies for ocular disease. Repetitive corneal drug delivery using biodegradable nanocarriers allows a medicine to remain in different parts of the cornea for extended periods of time and thus improve administration route effectiveness. In this review, we discussed eye anatomy, ocular delivery barriers, as well as the emphasis on the biodegradable nanomaterials ranging from organic nanostructures, such as nanomicelles, polymers, liposomes, niosomes, nanowafers, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, nanocrystals, cubosomes, olaminosomes, hybridized NPs, dendrimers, bilosomes, solid lipid NPs, nanostructured lipid carriers, and nanofiber to organic nanomaterials like silver, gold, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. In addition, we describe the nanotechnology-based ophthalmic medications that are presently on the market or in clinical studies. Finally, drawing on current trends and therapeutic approaches, we discuss the challenges that innovative optical drug delivery systems confront and propose future research routes. We hope that this review will serve as a source of motivation and inspiration for developing innovative ophthalmic formulations.
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A potentially fruitful path toward a cleaner and safer environment: MXenes uses in environmental remediation
(Elsevier BV, 2025-06-01)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Milad Abbasi
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Atena Najdian
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Farzaneh Mohamadpour
;
Seyed Reza Kasaee
The rapid industrialization of the world has resulted in severe environmental pollution, necessitating the development of new materials such as pollution remediation. Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have emerged as a promising family of materials due to their unique physicochemical properties, making them ideal for environmental remediation. The article sheds light on the new opportunities of MXenes in the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants, including organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, radionuclides, and gas pollutants. MXenes also show excellent performance in photocatalytic degradation, adsorption, and microbial inactivation with environmental safety. Moreover, their application in recovering valuable elements from waste streams is also being explored. While these advances are promising, challenges remain in surface chemistry, semiconducting behavior, interfacial effects, and large-scale synthesis. This review highlights the tremendous potential of MXenes in environmental remediation while also outlining the key challenges that need to be resolved to fully realize MXenes capabilities. By providing this comprehensive survey of MXene-based technologies, the paper stimulates further research and innovation in this rapidly evolving field.
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Exploring the revolutionary potential of MXene nanoparticles in breast Cancer therapy: A review of applications and future prospects
(Elsevier BV, 2025-04)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Lobat Tayebi
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Ehsan Vafa
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Reza Bazargan-Lari
;
Milad Abbasi
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for successful treatment and improving patient outcomes. Nanoparticles, such as MXenes, have emerged as a promising tool for various breast cancer applications due to their unique properties. MXenes possess a high surface area and excellent biocompatibility, and can be engineered to enhance targeting ability, as well as mechanical, electrochemical, and optical properties. This review article explores the potential of MXenes in breast cancer detection and treatment, including miRNA detection, MRI-guided photothermal therapy, combined therapy, and immunotherapy. MXenes can be used for miRNA detection, which has shown promise as a biomarker for breast cancer. MXenes can also be used for MRI-guided photothermal therapy, where they can absorb light and convert it into heat to destroy cancer cells. Additionally, MXenes can be used in combination therapy with other drugs to enhance their efficacy. MXenes can also be used for immunotherapy by enhancing the immune response against cancer cells. The article also discusses the future prospects of MXenes in breast cancer research and their cytotoxicity effects. The use of MXenes in breast cancer research is a novel approach with great potential for improving patient outcomes.
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Mxenes as a versatile nanoplatform: Synthesis and emerging biomedical applications
(Elsevier BV, 2025-09-25)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Ehsan Vafa
;
Maryam Mirzae
;
Milad Abbasi
;
Ahmad Vaez
Recently, MXenes have garnered significant attention in academic research due to their remarkable structural, electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. New advancements and emerging findings indicate that MXene, classified as a two-dimensional (2D) layered material, exhibits significantly more potential in the field of biomedicine and biotechnology compared to existing nanosystems. These applications include acting as antibacterial agents, biosensor systems, the delivery and loading of drugs, bioimaging, and therapeutic interventions. The unique characteristics of MXenes, such as their significant electrical conductivity, large surface area, low toxicity, magnetism, luminescence, and high biocompatibility, make them highly promising candidates for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic applications. Surface modifications of MXenes exhibit biocompatibility and have multifunctional functions, including the ability to direct ligands towards specific spots for preferential aggregation, hence enabling their utilization in specialized applications. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics, modifications, and synthesis methods of MXene nanomaterials. The present article also delivers a comprehensive assessment of the practical uses of MXene-based nanomaterials in biomedicine, with a particular focus on biosensing, bioimaging, antibacterial effects, implants, and multifunctional therapeutic platforms. This paper also presents a discussion of the future prospects and challenges associated with the applications of MXenes in the biomedicine field.
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MXene-based materials for enhanced water quality: Advances in remediation strategies
(Elsevier BV, 2025-02-01)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Milad Abbasi
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Atena Najdian
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Farzaneh Mohamadpour
;
Seyed Reza Kasaee
Two-dimensional MXenes are promising candidates for water treatment because of their large surface area (e.g., exceeding 1000 m²/g for certain structures), high electrical conductivity (e.g., >1000 S/m), hydrophilicity, and chemical stability. Their strong sorption selectivity and effective reduction capacity, exemplified by heavy metal adsorption efficiencies exceeding 95 % in several studies, coupled with facile surface modification, make them suitable for removing diverse contaminants. Applications include the removal of heavy metals (e.g., achieving >90 % removal of Pb(II)), dye removal (e.g., demonstrating >80 % removal of methylene blue), and radioactive waste elimination. Furthermore, 3D MXene architecture exhibit enhanced performance in antibacterial activities (e.g., against bacteria), desalination rejection percentage, and photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants. However, several challenges have remained, which necessitate further investigation into toxicity (e.g., assessing effects on aquatic organisms), scalability, and cost-effectiveness of large-scale production. This review summarizes recent advancements in 3D MXene-based functional materials for wastewater treatment and water remediation, critically analyzing their both potential and limitations.
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Multifunctional MXenes nanocomposite platforms for biosensing and wearable sensor technologies
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-01)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Hesam Kamyab
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Ehsan Vafa
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Alireza Jahanbin
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Milad Abbasi
MXenes are nanostructures with unique characteristics, such as hydrophilicity, large surface area, strong metallic conductivity, strong ion transport capabilities, biocompatibility, minimal diffusion barrier, and easy functionalization, which make these compounds suitable for bioanalytical applications. These materials are formed of transition metallic nitrides, carbides, or carbonitrides. Owing to their unique properties, MXenes have gained interest in various fields, including sustainable energy generation, fuel cells, supercapacitors, electronics, and catalysis. The composition and layered structure have made MXenes particularly appealing to biosensing applications. They can be used in electrochemical biosensors because of their high conductivity and multilayered architecture, which ensure the retention of activity in immobilized biomolecules. This review highlights the application of MXenes in electrochemical and optical biosensors, identifying future requirements and potential in this sector, particularly in the development of wearable sensors and platforms with integrated biomolecule detection.
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Innovative cancer therapy: Unleashing the potential of macromolecule-loaded mesoporous bioactive glasses for precision diagnosis and treatment
(Elsevier BV, 2024-12)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Lobat Tayebi
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Ehsan Vafa
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Reza Bazargan-Lari
;
Milad Abbasi
Cancer continues to pose a formidable threat, claiming millions of lives annually. A beacon of hope in this battle lies in the realm of bioactive glasses, which have undergone a remarkable evolution over the past five decades. Among these, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) emerge as a dynamic subset endowed with customizable attributes such as high surface area and porosity. While holding immense promise for cancer care, the full clinical potential of MBGs remains largely unexplored. This review delves into the cutting-edge advancements in MBG technology, illuminating their pivotal role in cancer management – spanning from early detection to targeted therapeutic interventions like photothermal and photodynamic treatments. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underpinning MBGs’ anticancer properties are elucidated, alongside an exploration of existing limitations in their application. Through this comprehensive synthesis, the significance of MBGs in revolutionizing cancer therapy is underscored, underscoring the urgent need for continued research to unlock their full potential in reshaping the landscape of cancer care.

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