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Fractional factorial design-based evaluation of physicochemical parameters affecting biodiesel properties from Chlorella sp. PG96
(Elsevier BV, 2026-01)
Roya Parichehreh
;
Reza Gheshlaghi
;
Mahmood Akhavan Mahdavi
;
Hesam Kamyab
Biodiesel, as a renewable energy source synthesized through the transesterification of algal lipids, has received increasing attention in recent years. The quality of biodiesel derived from microalgal lipids depends largely on the composition of fatty acid methyl ester in the fuel. This research employed a fractional factorial design (2 ¹¹⁻⁷) to statistically screen eleven independent factors, including NaHCO3, CO2, MgSO4.7H2O, K2HPO4, NaNO3, NH4Cl, salinity, light spectrum, aeration rate, light intensity, and temperature, for achieving a rich fatty acid profile by Chlorella sp. PG96 (a strain isolated from municipal wastewater), as well as the synthesis of superior-quality biodiesel. The effects of all eleven physicochemical factors and their interactions on the growth characteristics (biomass and lipid production) of Chlorella sp. PG96 were thoroughly investigated in our previous study. According to the experimental results of the present study, the maximum concentrations of palmitic acid (32.23 ± 2.87 %), oleic acid (31.53 ± 3.31 %), saturated fatty acids (38.07 ± 4.03 %), and monounsaturated fatty acids (33.63 ± 3.36 %) in microalgal lipids were obtained when Chlorella sp. PG96 was grown at a low NaHCO3 concentration (0 mg L⁻¹) and white light irradiation. The estimated values of biodiesel properties such as iodine value, unsaturation degree, oxidation stability, cetane number, higher heating value, density, and kinematic viscosity were all in accordance with the quality benchmarks established by ASTM and EN 14214. The findings further demonstrated that temperature and light intensity represented the key determinants influencing fatty acid composition. Aeration rate and salinity had the most significant effects on the cetane number index, whereas the oxidation stability of algal oil was markedly affected by the concentrations of NaNO₃ and NaHCO₃. Moreover, ammonium as a nitrogen source and bicarbonate as a carbon source exhibited greater significance in fatty acid biosynthesis compared with nitrate and CO₂, respectively. The interactions between NaHCO₃ and the light spectrum, as well as between NaHCO₃ and NH₄Cl, were found to be the most significant for all measured responses. It is suggested that Chlorella sp. PG96, when cultivated with elevated NH₄Cl concentration and light intensity but under reduced temperature (320 mg L⁻¹, 22,500 Lux, and 20 °C, respectively), may act as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production.
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Photocatalytic CO2 conversions on copper nanoparticles investigated by Raman spectral changes using convolutional neural networks
(Elsevier BV, 2025-10)
Heung Seok Lee
;
Jaerin Choi
;
Jin Yong Lee
;
Ji Eun An
;
Thi Huong Vu
A convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning process is employed to analyze in situ Raman scattering data for CO2 capture and its photocatalytic conversions onto copper sulfide hollow nanospheres (CuSHNSs) and copper nanocubes (CuNCs) in microalgae solution of Spirulina maxima. Raman spectra under visible light at 633 nm in a microfluidic solution provided representative vibrational marker bands of Cdouble bondO features at ∼2100 cm−1 and CH2/CH3 bending vibrations at ∼1400 cm−1 that are correlated with CO2 reduction products of carbon monoxide (C1) and multi‑carbon species such as propanol (C3), butanol (C4), respectively. Accumulated Raman spectra were trained and analyzed to estimate photocatalytic pathways using CNN algorithm. The presence of Spirulina maxima microalgae on the alteration of photocatalytic processes is studied by analyzing collective Raman spectral changes. The main observation is that strong CO peaks in Raman spectra of CO2 adsorbed by CuNCs almost disappeared after treatment with microalgae, whereas their intensities were slightly increased in case of CuSHNS. The CNN deep learning process for Raman spectra was effective to differentiate photocatalytic mechanisms of CO2 conversion onto nanoparticle surfaces.
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Fungal biopolymer-based nanoparticles for wound healing: Mechanisms, applications, and future perspectives
(Elsevier BV, 2025-12-01)
Kaakarlu Shivakumar Vinanthi Rajalakshmi
;
Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
;
Hemanth Hinnakki
;
Arun Meyyazhagan
;
Wen-Chao Liu
Fungal derived biopolymers have emerged as a promising alternative to the existing synthetic materials and have gained heightened interest in wound healing platforms due to their unique properties, such as durability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, low-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and analogy to the native extracellular matrix. Major fungal biopolymers such as chitin, chitosan, β-glucan, mannan, and pullulans offer several biomedical and clinical advantages in wound healing to remodel the injured tissue, making them suitable for accelerating the various phases of wound healing. These biopolymers not only support cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodelling but also serve as effective carriers for controlled drug delivery, enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic agents to accelerate the cellular responses at the wound site. The review also outlines the biological processes involved in various phases of wound healing to provide insight into future explorations in developing optimized wound dressings that ensure maximal reduction of inflammation and allow skin to remodulate. Fungal-mediated nanoparticles and hybrid nanocomposites have further improved the functional performance of wound dressings by providing increased mechanical stability, biocompatibility, and targeted bioactivity. Collectively, these findings highlight the significant role of fungal biopolymer-based nanoparticles as a novel, sustainable, and effective regime for advanced wound management.
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Multifunctional MXenes nanocomposite platforms for biosensing and wearable sensor technologies
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02-01)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Hesam Kamyab
;
Ehsan Vafa
;
Alireza Jahanbin
;
Milad Abbasi
MXenes are nanostructures with unique characteristics, such as hydrophilicity, large surface area, strong metallic conductivity, strong ion transport capabilities, biocompatibility, minimal diffusion barrier, and easy functionalization, which make these compounds suitable for bioanalytical applications. These materials are formed of transition metallic nitrides, carbides, or carbonitrides. Owing to their unique properties, MXenes have gained interest in various fields, including sustainable energy generation, fuel cells, supercapacitors, electronics, and catalysis. The composition and layered structure have made MXenes particularly appealing to biosensing applications. They can be used in electrochemical biosensors because of their high conductivity and multilayered architecture, which ensure the retention of activity in immobilized biomolecules. This review highlights the application of MXenes in electrochemical and optical biosensors, identifying future requirements and potential in this sector, particularly in the development of wearable sensors and platforms with integrated biomolecule detection.
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Visible Light Assisted Preparation of Pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidines via a Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) Pathway Using a Carbazole-based Photocatalyst (4CzIPN) as a Novel Donor-acceptor Fluorophore
(Informa UK Limited, 2024-12-16)
Farzaneh Mohamadpour
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Hesam Kamyab
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Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
;
Ali Mohammad Amani
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An overview of recent trends and future prospects of sustainable natural fiber-reinforced polymeric composites for tribological applications
(Elsevier BV, 2024-12)
Ashish Soni
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Pankaj Kumar Das
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Sonu Kumar Gupta
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Ankuran Saha
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Saravanan Rajendran
The concern for plastics pollution, awareness of sustainability, and necessities of high-performance materials for modern industries have stimulated the world towards the advancement of natural fiber-reinforced polymeric composites. The review aimed to explore the tribological behaviour of natural fiber-reinforced polymeric composites and identify the characteristics of natural fiber-based polymeric composites. The different manufacturing techniques, tribological characteristics and applications of natural fiber-reinforced polymeric composites are outlined. Moreover, the review critically summarized the impact of fiber characteristics and treatments on the performance of natural fiber-reinforced polymeric composites. The advances and approaches to enhance the performances of the natural fiber-reinforced polymeric composites are summarized. The work presented the recent progress allied with several aspects of natural fiber-reinforced polymeric composites. The discussions for the life cycle assessments and degradation of the natural fiber-reinforced polymeric composites are provided. The treatment of the fibers with suitable reagents removes the wax, lignin, cellulose, impurities, etc., thereby enhances the compatibility between the reinforcement and matrix. Moreover, the reinforcement of fibers in polymers improves the strength and wear resistance of the composites. The life cycle assessments have reported that natural fiber-based polymeric composites have a lower environmental impact in comparison to conventional composites. The review has explored the prospects of sustainable natural fiber-based polymeric composites for tribological applications includes; floor tiles, instrumental panels of automobiles, house elements, car bumpers, doors and window panels, etc. This review has provided several vital information on advanced natural fiber-based composites for their prospective tribological conditions. The review is beneficial for the promotion of sustainability in modern industries and is advantageous for techno-eco and environmental points of view. The review will assist the researcher in working for the advancement of composites and practitioners involved in the domain of sustainability and environmental issues.
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RSM-based co-gasification of palm oil decanter cake and sugarcane bagasse: Syngas production and biochar characteristics
(Elsevier BV, 2024-12)
Kunmi Joshua Abioye
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Noorfidza Yub Harun
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Mohammad Yusuf
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Hesam Kamyab
;
Joshua O. Ighalo
The production of syngas (CO + H2) and biochar from biomass waste co-gasification promotes sustainable energy while addressing environmental remediation challenges. This study investigates the co-gasification of palm oil decanter cake (PODC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) to optimize syngas production and obtain biochar in a fixed bed horizontal tube furnace reactor. Operating variables, including temperature (700–900 °C), biomass ratio (30–70 wt%), and particle size (0.25–2 mm), were optimized using Response Surface Methodology with the Box-Behnken design. Characterization analyses including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) analyses were conducted on the biochar. The optimal conditions yielded a syngas volume of 41.5 vol% and a biochar of 0.3 wt%, achieved at 900 °C temperature, 42 wt% PODC biomass ratio, and 2 mm particle size. BET analysis revealed a mesoporous structure biochar with surface area of 398.55 m2/g, pore volume of 0.13 cm3/g, and pore diameter of 6.49 nm. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, aromatic compounds, and hydrocarbon structures. FESEM analysis showed well-defined pore structures on the biochar surface, with EDX analysis confirming a dominant carbon content of 83.32 wt%. These findings substantially enhance sustainable approaches in energy production, agriculture, and wastewater treatment, while effectively tackling environmental issues associated with biomass waste.
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Innovative cancer therapy: Unleashing the potential of macromolecule-loaded mesoporous bioactive glasses for precision diagnosis and treatment
(Elsevier BV, 2024-12)
Ali Mohammad Amani
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Lobat Tayebi
;
Ehsan Vafa
;
Reza Bazargan-Lari
;
Milad Abbasi
Cancer continues to pose a formidable threat, claiming millions of lives annually. A beacon of hope in this battle lies in the realm of bioactive glasses, which have undergone a remarkable evolution over the past five decades. Among these, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) emerge as a dynamic subset endowed with customizable attributes such as high surface area and porosity. While holding immense promise for cancer care, the full clinical potential of MBGs remains largely unexplored. This review delves into the cutting-edge advancements in MBG technology, illuminating their pivotal role in cancer management – spanning from early detection to targeted therapeutic interventions like photothermal and photodynamic treatments. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underpinning MBGs’ anticancer properties are elucidated, alongside an exploration of existing limitations in their application. Through this comprehensive synthesis, the significance of MBGs in revolutionizing cancer therapy is underscored, underscoring the urgent need for continued research to unlock their full potential in reshaping the landscape of cancer care.
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Exploring the functionality of MXenes as promising versatile antimicrobial agents and their novel applications
(Elsevier BV, 2024-12)
Ali Mohammad Amani
;
Ali Rahbar
;
Ehsan Vafa
;
Lobat Tayebi
;
Milad Abbasi
Given the increasing drug resistance exhibited by viruses, fungi, and bacteria, there is an urgent demand for the creation and utilization of novel structures that possess exceptional efficacy. MXenes have demonstrated potent bactericidal activity, effectively suppressing the growth of gram- negative and gram- positive bacterial strains. Their mode of antimicrobial action primarily involves disrupting the bacterial cell membrane. Additionally, MXenes exhibit antifungal properties, holding promise for applications in combating fungal infections. Emerging studies suggest that certain MXenes can also possess antiviral properties, impacting both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Researchers are exploring their use in wound healing, where they can prevent infections and accelerate the healing process. Furthermore, MXenes can be integrated into coatings, composites, and surfaces, finding applications in medical devices, textiles, and food packaging for antimicrobial purposes. The potential for MXenes to be employed in photothermal and photodynamic therapy adds another layer to their multifaceted antimicrobial capabilities. When activated by light, MXenes can target and eliminate cancer cells or pathogens. Research in this domain is progressing, with the prospect of novel materials and strategies to combat bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. This article discussed recent progress in the field of antibacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral properties of MXenes and MXene-derived materials. Furthermore, their biocompatibility and toxicity issues, as well as the challenges and future opportunities of MXenes in the field of antimicrobial applications, are discussed. Overall, MXenes hold considerable promise for addressing the pressing global concern of antimicrobial resistance and opening new avenues for advanced medical technologies.
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Utilizing E-Waste as a Sustainable Aggregate in Concrete Production: A Review
(MDPI AG, 2024-08-13)
Gaurav Kumar
;
Tushar Bansal
;
Moinul Haq
;
Utsav Sharma
;
Amit Kumar
Natural pigments extracted from plant species are used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This study evaluates the comprehensive biological activities of anthocyanins isolated from Andean blueberry (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) and Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth), focusing on their antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, and hemolytic properties. Chemical characterization revealed significant anthocyanin content with complex mass spectrometric profiles indicating diverse glycosylation patterns that may influence their bioactivity. The antimicrobial assays showed that the extracts were particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 1 mg/mL for Rubus glaucus, indicating strong potential for therapeutic use. The antioxidant capacity of the berries was substantial, albeit slightly lower than that of ascorbic acid. The extracts also exhibited notable antitumoral activity in various cancer cell lines, showing promise as adjunctive or preventive treatments. The anti-inflammatory effects were confirmed by inhibiting nitric oxide production in macrophage cells, highlighting their potential in managing inflammatory diseases. In terms of hemolytic activity, Rubus glaucus exhibited dose-dependent effects, potentially attributable to anthocyanins and phenolics, while Vaccinium floribundum demonstrated no significant hemolytic activity, underscoring its safety. These findings suggest that anthocyanins from Andean berries possess potent biological activities, which could be leveraged for health benefits in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further studies are needed to isolate specific bioactive compounds and investigate their synergistic effects in clinical and real-world contexts.

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