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Optimizing fish skin scaffolds for regenerative medicine: A comparative study of physical and chemical decellularization techniques
(Elsevier BV, 2026-05)
Esmat Azizipour
;
Hengameh Honarkar
;
Reza Yarahmadi
;
Ahmad Vaez
;
Mehdi Kian
Fish skin scaffolds have great potential as biocompatible materials for skin regeneration, as they contain high levels of collagen and are structurally similar to the mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we compared the efficiency of physical decellularization with chemical decellularization using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), and Triton X-100 at two concentrations (0.5% and 1%) and two time intervals (6 and 12 h). The decellularization efficiency and quality of scaffolds were assessed via histological observations, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, MTT assay to evaluate cytocompatibility, scaffold degradation rate, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Silicone membrane physical decellularization preserves the integrity of the ECM, retains higher levels of GAG (1.5 µg/mm³) and higher levels of fibroblast viability (p < 0.001) and demonstrates limited degradation (< 20% on day 14) compared to chemical decellularization. Chemical decellularization caused some breakdown of the ECM, particularly treatments at 1%-12h, and was able to retain lower levels of GAG (0.5–0.9 µg/mm³) while degrading more (up to 150%). SEM shows the scaffolds from the physical decellularization treatment had a clearer fibrous structure compared to the variable porosity of the chemical treatment.
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Alginate hydrogel film reinforced with Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base/Cu(II) nanoparticles in promoting diabetic wound healing
(Elsevier BV, 2026-04)
Sedigheh Azadi
;
Alireza Abbaspour
;
Seyed Reza Kasaee
;
Farhad Koohpeyma
;
Esmat Azizipour
In the quest to enhance diabetic wound healing, we synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base complex of Cu(II) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) embedded in sodium alginate hydrogel. This study analyzed the effects of 1% and 10% Cu(II) nanoparticles (NPs) concentrations on wound closure and tissue regeneration in a diabetic rat model. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of NPs. Characterization involved digital photography for wound closure quantification, histopathological analysis for tissue repair assessment, and statistical methods for data interpretation. Our findings indicated that the 1% Cu nanoparticle (NP) -embedded hydrogel significantly improved wound healing, including enhanced reepithelialization, collagen deposition, neovascularization, granulation tissue formation, and fibroblast activation, while also reducing inflammation. The 10% Cu NP formulation did not demonstrate the same level of efficacy, suggesting a concentration-dependent therapeutic window for copper ion release. This novel NP hydrogel showcases the potential of copper-based NPs in diabetic wound management, offering a cost-effective and promising approach for treating a global health issue.
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Antifungal activity of Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base/Cu(II) magnetic nanoparticles against pathogenic Candida species
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-03-11)
Sedigheh Azadi
;
Esmat Azizipour
;
Ali Mohammad Amani
;
Ahmad Vaez
;
Zahra Zareshahrabadi
The antifungal efficacy and cytotoxicity of a novel nano-antifungal agent, the Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base complex of Cu(II) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), have been assessed for targeting drug-resistant Candida species. Due to the rising issue of fungal infections, especially candidiasis, and resistance to traditional antifungals, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. Utilizing Schiff-base ligands known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, the Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base/Cu(II) MNPs have been synthesized. The Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base/Cu(II) MNPs was characterized by Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrating successful synthesis. The antifungal potential was evaluated against six Candida species (C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. albicans) using the broth microdilution method. The results indicated strong antifungal activity in the range of 8–64 μg/mL with the lowest MIC (8 μg/mL) observed against C. parapsilosis. The result showed the MIC of 32 μg/mL against C. albicans as the most common infection source. The antifungal mechanism is likely due to the disruption of the fungal cell wall and membrane, along with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leading to cell death. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay for cytotoxicity on mouse L929 fibroblastic cells suggested low toxicity and even enhanced cell proliferation at certain concentrations. This study demonstrates the promise of Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff-base/Cu(II) MNPs as a potent antifungal agent with potential applications in the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections, healthcare-associated infections, and beyond.

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