Advances in environmental biotechnology with CRISPR/Cas9: bibliometric review and cutting-edge applications

CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as the predominant method for genome editing due to its cost-effectiveness and broad applicability, playing a crucial role in advancing sustainable practices across various sectors. This systematic review employs the PRISMA methodology to evaluate the impact of CRISPR/Cas9 on environmental protection and on achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as SDG 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, and SDG15. These goals focus on the responsible use of natural resources, reducing the negative effects of climate change and ensuring safe food for the entire population. Analyzing data from the Web of Science, the review found significant growth in related publications, with a 30% increase since 2014, predominantly from the US, China, Germany, and the UK.

The study categorizes the scientific developments into these trends, the enhancement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses, as evidenced by the consistent focus on terms such as “tolerance” and “plant” since 2021. Furthermore, the relevance of “Gene Editing” has increased significantly since 2022, underscoring the importance of CRISPR/Cas9 in developing resilient crops that can withstand extreme conditions. These trends underscore the growing significance of biotechnological advancements in the mitigation of climate change’s effects and the improvement of ecosystem stability.

Key discussions include CRISPR/Cas9’s role in the development of fourth-generation biofuels and environmental biosensors, as well as its applications in enhancing genetic resilience and controlling invasive species. These innovations highlight CRISPR/Cas9’s potential in promoting sustainable resource management and energy generation, making a significant contribution to ecological conservation and sustainability efforts.