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Sustainable valorization of leachate at Lakhodair landfill, Lahore: An integrated life cycle environmental and economic assessment of biogas production
(Elsevier BV, 2026-02)
Mehak Saghir
;
Aqsa Ayub
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Abdul-Sattar Nizami
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Mujtaba Baqar
;
HESAM, KAMYAB
The rapid growth of the human population has led to a significant increase in municipal solid waste (MSW), which is projected to reach 2.2 billion tons per year by the end of 2025. This has caused a problem with landfill leachate. Biogas production from landfill leachate offers a sustainable solution to mitigate environmental issues, including greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater contamination, while recovering clean energy and valuable resources from waste. This study simulates and assesses the environmental and economic benefits of biogas production from leachate using a life-cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The environmental impacts were evaluated using the LCA methodology and the ReCiPe 2016 midpoint (H) approach, which comprises 18 different environmental categories. Midpoint results revealed that terrestrial eco-toxicity, climate change, and fossil depletion were the main impact categories that potentially contributed to 3.63 × 101 kg 1,4-DB eq., 5.37 × 102 kg CO2 eq., and 1.83 × 101 kg oil eq., respectively, for 1 m3 of biogas production. Scenario modeling was performed by replacing the power source with a solar cell rather than grid electricity. Shifting to solar energy resulted in a GWP of 535 kg CO2 equivalent and an FDP of 18 kg oil equivalent per m3 of biogas production. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were conducted to evaluate environmental performance, with electricity and other inputs identified as key drivers of environmental impact. Financial analysis of 1300 m3 biogas plant reveals strong economic performance, with annual revenue of USD 651,495.98 and operational expenditures of USD 541,352.98. The project's profitability is underscored by a 2-year payback period, a positive NPV of 6,372,112.71, and an IRR of 34.53 %. While external costs, including USD 15.75 per m3 for emissions management, are notable, the environmental benefits of reduced leachate problems and electricity generation support the project's viability. This study provides policymakers, waste management practitioners, and stakeholders with valuable insights into reducing environmental impacts while increasing resource recovery from waste streams. This research aligns with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 6, 7, 11, 14, and 15, by advancing clean energy, promoting economic growth, fostering sustainable communities, and enhancing environmental protection.
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Advancing sustainable bioethanol production from organic waste by integrating life cycle modeling
(Elsevier BV, 2025-12)
Khadija Sajid
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Muhammad Hassan Javed
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Ala'a H. Al-Muhtaseb
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Mohammad Rehan
;
Mohammad Ilyas Khan
This study aims to optimize the environmental and economic benefits of producing bioethanol from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in Pakistan. The country generates approximately 71,000 kg of OFMSW annually, yet no facility currently exists for its conversion into bioethanol. Leveraging the availability of OFMSW, this study designs a bioethanol production plant and evaluates its environmental sustainability through an attributional life cycle assessment using the ReCiPe (H) model. Results indicate that 154 kg of bioethanol can be produced from every 1 ton of organic waste. Compared to current landfilling practices, bioethanol production from OFMSW demonstrates lower environmental burdens, including climate change potential (3.05E-05 kg CO₂ eq), photochemical ozone formation (132 kg NOx eq), human toxicity (13.6 kg 1,4-DB eq), eutrophication potential (10.9 kg P eq), ozone depletion potential (0.0111 kg CFC-11 eq), and acidification potential (−5.39E-03 kg SO₂ eq). Scenario modelling assessed the integration of photovoltaic solar cells for electricity supply, showing a reduction in fine particulate matter emissions from 67.8 kg to 0.766 kg PM₂.₅ eq compared to grid electricity. Hotspot analysis identified key impact categories contributing to environmental burdens. The economic assessment revealed an annual revenue potential of approximately USD 528,330 from bioethanol sales. Overall, producing bioethanol from OFMSW presents a viable alternative fuel pathway that is both environmentally and economically beneficial, reduces landfill dependency, and supports the principles of a circular economy. This strategy contributes directly to achieving key United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including responsible consumption and production, affordable clean energy, and climate action.
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Navigating green synthesized metal-based nanoparticles as anti-inflammatory agent – Comprehensive review
(Elsevier BV, 2025-02-10)
Sumanth Hegde
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Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
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Ridhika Paul
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M Jayalakshmi
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Aatika Nizam
The biosynthesis of nanomaterials is a vast and expanding field of study due to their applications in a variety of fields, particularly the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Various synthetic routes, including physical and chemical methods, have been developed in order to generate metal nanoparticles (NPs) with definite shapes and sizes. In this review, focused on the recent advancements in the green synthetic methods for the generation of silver, zinc and copper NPs with simple and eco-friendly approaches and the potential of the biosynthesized metal and metal oxide NPs as alternative and therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Inflammation is a body's own defense mechanism that can become chronic inflammation affecting healthy cells. Owning to the size-based advantages of NPs which can mitigate in theses medical conditions and serve as anti-inflammatory drugs. The factors influencing their physicochemical properties, toxicity, biocompatibility and mode of action to formulate an effective nanomedicine in the treatment of inflammation.
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Island ecosystems unleashed: rain gardens transforming flood management in Galápagos
(Informa UK Limited, 2025-12-31)
J Almeida
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O Proaño
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ÁVILA VEGA, CARLOS FABIÁN
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D Villacres
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RIVERA TAPIA, EDGAR DAVID
This article delineates a sustainable stormwater drainage system designed to prevent floods in Santa Cruz Island, specifically in Puerto Ayora. The proposal prioritizes minimizing human intervention impact on infrastructure, considering the local context. A comprehensive environmental analysis covering topography, climate, hydrology, urban, and landscape aspects informs the design, ensuring adaptability to the island’s future needs. The core features a channel drainage system incorporating gutters, sinks, and filter gardens. Filter gardens retain stormwater, allowing controlled discharge, interconnected from house downspouts to channels. Three strategically proposed drainage systems connect to different discharge points: a lake, an aquifer, and the sea. This diverse approach avoids large excavations, reducing costs and preserving local flora and fauna. The result is a sustainable drainage solution aligned with a nature-based paradigm, effectively reducing runoff flow.
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Passive Strategies for thermal comfort in Amazonian Cities: The Case of Tena's Waterfront
(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2024-11-13)
Patricio Simbaña Escobar
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ROCCHIO, DANIELE
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Natalia Alvarado
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Karina Cherrez
This study explores the application of passive strategies focused on reducing urban heat islands, with special attention to improving pedestrian thermal comfort in Amazonian cities. Based on climatic data such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed, the impact of urban morphology on public space, particularly on the Tena River waterfront, is analyzed. Using the Grasshopper and Ladybug simulation tools, two scenarios were compared: one current, with 2-3 story buildings, and one proposed, which includes buildings up to 6 stories integrated with native vegetation. The results demonstrate that the proposed scenario not only increases shading but also significantly contributes to the reduction of temperatures, confirming the viability of these strategies to enhance sustainable urban design and improve the quality of life in Amazonian environments. The evaluation of the results highlights aspects to improve in urban development and emphasizes the importance of integrating simulation tools to design urban proposals and open spaces, guaranteeing a comfort zone for the user, encouraging pedestrian routes and therefore increasing social relations in nearby public spaces.
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Organic zinc sources in broiler production at high altitude under on-top supplementation or total or partial replacement: 1. Effects on performance and zinc excretion
(Elsevier BV, 2024-12)
R. Riboty
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J.L. Gaibor
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C.L. Ponce-de-Leon
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GUFFANTI MARTINEZ, DIEGO ANDRES
Feeding broilers with organic chemical sources of Zn has recently been recommended to improve performance, immune system, carcass yield, and reduce environmental contamination. However, its use under proposed supplementation strategies (i.e., total replacement, partial replacement, on-top) needs further investigation. This study assessed the effect of total replacement, partial replacement, and on-top supplementation strategies to feed organic Zn sources and the effect of two organic chemical forms on performance and Zn excretion in broilers at high altitudes. Twenty-two male Cobb 500-day-old chicks were placed in each of 54 floor pens and raised for up to 42 days under a three-phase feeding program and following the Ecuadorian highland production system. Pens were assigned to one of nine experimental treatments consisting of a basal diet supplemented with 0, 33, and 100 ppm of Zn from ZnSO4 and added or not 40 ppm Zn from Zn proteinate or Zn amino acid complex. A Completely Randomized Block Design was considered, being the block the replication. The Zn concentration of the basal diet was determined. Feed intake, BW, BW gain, feed conversion ratio, and European Production Efficiency Factor were assessed at 21 and 42 days of age, and the Zn excretion was estimated accordingly. Each supplementation strategy was compared with the standard practice (100 ppm Zn as ZnSO4) using contrasts and mixed models, and the interaction with the chemical form was assessed considering the P-values of the ANOVA and the multiple comparisons between the corresponding treatments. The effects of the organic Zn forms and their interactions with the dietary Zn level were assessed considering the responses were linear functions of the organic Zn source, the feed intake, the Zn intake, the Zn supplementation level, and the block, as corresponding. None of the strategies to supplement a Zn organic source, or the organic sources themselves, showed overall detectable effects on performance. However, interactions were observed between the supplementation strategy and the organic Zn source and between the organic source and the dietary Zn levels or the Zn intake. Under the on-top supplementation strategy, the Zn organic sources showed different feed conversion ratios at 21 days. In addition, totally or partially replacing the ZnSO4 with a Zn organic form reduced the Zn excretion. In conclusion, although no overall effect of the supplementation strategies was detected, the assessed organic Zn forms showed different effects on the feed conversion ratio at 21 days.
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A review on ethanol tolerance mechanisms in yeast: Current knowledge in biotechnological applications and future directions
(Elsevier BV, 2024-03)
Gandasi Ravikumar Sahana
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Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
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Kadanthottu Sebastian Joseph
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Manikantan Pappuswamy
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Wen-Chao Liu
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the prominent strains in the brewing and bioethanol industries and has been used for many industrial purposes for ages. Though the organism is an outstanding ethanol producer, the major limiting factor is the stress the organism undergoes during fermentation. One of the significant stresses is the ethanol stress, created by ethanol accumulation in the medium. The ethanol starts to interact with the yeast cell membrane; further, as ethanol concentration increases, it affects a lot of cell organelles. Thereby, cellular activities get disrupted, causing cell death and hence reducing ethanol production. The organism has developed many strategies to overcome this stress by activating the stress response pathway, which regulates many genes involved in modifying the cell membrane cell wall, renaturation of proteins, and altering the metabolism. However, with higher ethanol concentrations, the yeast cells will be unable to tolerate, leading to cell death. Hence, to minimize cell death at higher ethanol concentrations, there is a need to understand the effect of ethanol and its response by the organism; this helps improve the ethanol tolerance of the organism and, thereby, ethanol production. Although many research works are carried out to understand the vital aspect of the tolerance and are reported, very few review papers cover all these points. Hence, this review is designed to include information on all the elements of ethanol tolerance, i.e., ethanol tolerance of different strains of S. cerevisiae, the effect of ethanol on the yeast cells, the mechanism used to tolerate the ethanol, and various techniques developed to improve the ethanol tolerance of the yeast cells.

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