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A comprehensive review on MXene nanostructures for biosensing, imaging, and therapeutic systems
(Elsevier BV, 2026-02)
Ali Mohammad Amani
;
Ehsan Vafa
;
Maryam Mirzae
;
Milad Abbasi
;
Ahmad Vaez
Because of their exceptional electrical, mechanical, dimensional, chemical, and magnetic characteristics, MXenes have attracted an abundance of interest in scholarly study lately. According to recent developments and discoveries, MXene, a multilayered compound with a two-dimensional (2D) framework, has a lot greater promise for use in bioengineering and medical research than other nanosystems. These uses encompass medical procedures, administering medications, biosensor technologies, incorporation, antimicrobial agents, and biological imaging. MXenes are very attractive prospects for therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic use because of their distinctive features, which include their substantial conductivity to electricity, magnetic luminescence, wide extent of coverage, excellent biocompatibility, and low toxicological profile. Modifications to the MXene surfaces are biocompatible and serve a variety of purposes, such as directing ligands to certain locations for preferred aggregation, which makes them suitable for use in particular applications. A description of the properties, changes, and synthesis techniques of MXene nanostructures is presented in this work. The practical applications of MXene-derived nanostructures in biomedical fields are also thoroughly evaluated in this study, with an emphasis on implants, biosensing, biological imaging, antibacterial activities, and versatile therapeutic systems. The potential opportunities and difficulties related to the use of MXenes throughout the field of biological medicine are also covered in this paper.
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Advances in green synthesis of nanoparticles for biomedical applications: Antimicrobial, antiviral, and cancer therapies
(Elsevier BV, 2026-03)
HESAM, KAMYAB
;
Elham Khalili
;
Tayebeh Khademi
;
Ali Yuzir
;
Mohammad Mahdi Taheri
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has garnered a considerable amount of attention lately due to its low production expenses, simplicity of manufacturing, safety, and environmental friendliness. It is a dependable method for creating a variety of nanostructures from fungal, plant, and bacterial extracts as well as hybrid materials, including metal salts. A viable and sustainable substitute for traditional synthesis methods is the green synthesis of NPs. According to recent research, NPs have very promising antiviral and antimicrobial capabilities. This article highlights the progress made in the green method for manufacturing NPs utilizing natural substances, including fruit juices, plant extracts, and other pertinent sources. A thorough understanding of these NPs' anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial abilities was presented. Numerous opportunities are presented by these NPs to combat potentially fatal viral and other antimicrobial diseases. This review provides readers with a grasp of the latest data and a variety of tactics for designing and developing advanced green nanomaterials using a more environmentally friendly approach. A summary is provided of the present difficulties, critical analysis, and prospects for the green synthesis of NPs as well as the potential for their innovative and successful investigation for biomedical applications.
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On the horizon of greener pathways to travel into a greener future portal: Green MXenes, environment-friendly synthesis, and their innovative applications
(Elsevier BV, 2024-01)
Ali Mohammad Amani
;
Lobat Tayebi
;
Ehsan Vafa
;
Milad Abbasi
;
Ahmad Vaez
It has been determined that the exceptional characteristics of MXenes are of great interest in a variety of newly developed applications. MXenes, on the other hand, have a number of drawbacks, the most significant of which is that their general manufacturing in large-scale production requires the use of ecologically hazardous and poisonous compounds, as well as a solid-state reaction at high temperature, which is then followed by selective etching. In this regard, the manner in which MXenes are manufactured is critical to determining their final applications. Thus, it is very necessary to develop strategic ways to synthesize MXenes that are safer, greener, more ecologically friendly, and more sustainable in order to put them on the market at a competitive price. It is very necessary to assemble, review, and synthesize the most recent advancements in the green-related innovation of MXenes since there are a rising number of publications on green synthesis involving technological advances and non-toxic substances. Replacing traditional synthesis methods with green MXenes, physically based rapid generation of MAX phases, molten salt process for the green synthesis of MAX phases, nanoparticulate MAX phase based on the sol-gel process, HF etchant replacement with safer chemicals, electrochemical exfoliation, and nanobioagents can result in more environmentally friendly, efficient, and safer MXenes for future environmental, biomedicine, energy saving, catalysis, and sensors. Our primary focus is on the core synthetic procedure, the mechanism, and the overall benefits, with a particular emphasis on the MXene features that have been passed down from these green synthesis approaches. The growing uses green MXenes in the fields of environmental remediation, energy conversion and storage, and biomedicine are discussed in this article. In conclusion, the remaining obstacles and potential benefits of more environmentally friendly MXene production are reviewed.

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