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Integrated management of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in soybean: Current strategies and the emerging role of β-glucosidase
(Elsevier BV, 2026-01)
Elham Khalili
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HESAM, KAMYAB
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Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
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Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is a destructive, globally distributed soil-borne fungus responsible for charcoal rot and significant yield losses across diverse crops. Effective management remains challenging due to its wide host range, long survival of sclerotia, and adaptability to varied environments. This review synthesizes current knowledge on strategies for controlling M. phaseolina. Traditional agronomic practices such as crop rotation, tillage, and soil solarization are discussed alongside genetic resistance, although host resistance is often incomplete and environmentally influenced. Chemical control using fungicides has been tested, but effectiveness is inconsistent, and no fungicides are registered specifically against M. phaseolina due to its resilient sclerotia. Biological control agents, including antagonistic fungi (e.g., Trichoderma spp.) and bacteria (Bacillus, Pseudomonas), as well as botanicals and plant-derived compounds, represent promising, environmental friendly alternatives. Recent advances highlight the potential of enzyme-based and molecular approaches, particularly β-glucosidase from T. harzianum, genome editing, and nanotechnology, though these remain largely experimental. Overall, integrated management combining cultural, biological, and innovative molecular tools appears to be the most sustainable path forward. This review provides a consolidated resource for researchers and agronomists seeking to develop environmental friendly and cost-effective strategies against charcoal rot.
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Advances in green synthesis of nanoparticles for biomedical applications: Antimicrobial, antiviral, and cancer therapies
(Elsevier BV, 2026-03)
HESAM, KAMYAB
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Elham Khalili
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Tayebeh Khademi
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Ali Yuzir
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Mohammad Mahdi Taheri
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has garnered a considerable amount of attention lately due to its low production expenses, simplicity of manufacturing, safety, and environmental friendliness. It is a dependable method for creating a variety of nanostructures from fungal, plant, and bacterial extracts as well as hybrid materials, including metal salts. A viable and sustainable substitute for traditional synthesis methods is the green synthesis of NPs. According to recent research, NPs have very promising antiviral and antimicrobial capabilities. This article highlights the progress made in the green method for manufacturing NPs utilizing natural substances, including fruit juices, plant extracts, and other pertinent sources. A thorough understanding of these NPs' anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial abilities was presented. Numerous opportunities are presented by these NPs to combat potentially fatal viral and other antimicrobial diseases. This review provides readers with a grasp of the latest data and a variety of tactics for designing and developing advanced green nanomaterials using a more environmentally friendly approach. A summary is provided of the present difficulties, critical analysis, and prospects for the green synthesis of NPs as well as the potential for their innovative and successful investigation for biomedical applications.
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Hyssop-infused Electrospun Nanofiber Mask for Antiviral Protection
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-10-02)
Elham Khalili
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Fatemeh Mehrabi
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Zahra Sotoudehnia Korrani
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HESAM, KAMYAB
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in demand for effective face masks to prevent virus transmission. Face masks serve as protective barriers, reducing the spread of infectious aerosols between individuals. This has accelerated global research and development efforts focused on mask technologies. Traditional masks, such as surgical masks and R95 respirators, often involve a trade-off between breathability and filtration efficiency. Electrospun nanofiber membrane–based face masks have gained significant attention due to their nanoscale pores, lightweight design, and high filtration efficiency, making them commercially viable and widely adopted. The integration of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and graphene has further enabled the development of advanced, multifunctional, reusable filtration membranes with higher adsorption capacity. Unlike these existing approaches, this study introduces a novel antiviral face mask that uniquely combines cellulose acetate nanofibers with hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) essential oil, a herbal additive that has not previously been explored in electrospun mask design. The nanofibers, produced via electrospinning, exhibit diameters ranging from 35 to 75 nm, significantly enhancing their ability to capture small particles, including viruses, compared with conventional masks. The incorporation of hyssop essential oil not only provides natural antiviral and antibacterial functionality but also differentiates this mask from other herbal oil–based or graphene/MOF-enhanced membranes. Experimental testing demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the dual advantage of superior PM2.5 filtration efficiency (99.6%) and improved breathability over R95 masks highlights the practical benefits of this design. This dual-function mask offers a promising solution for both air pollution control and COVID-19 prevention by combining advanced filtration with active pathogen inactivation.
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Emerging nanoparticle-based strategies for advanced cancer imaging and diagnosis
(Elsevier BV, 2025-10-15)
HESAM, KAMYAB
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Elham Khalili
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Ali Yuzir
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Mohammad Mahdi Taheri
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ZAMBRANO ESPINOSA, ANA KARINA
The urgent necessity for early disease diagnosis and detection continues to drive innovation in imaging techniques and contrast agents. Nanoparticle-based bioimaging offers significant potential to enhance therapeutics, treatment management, and cancer diagnostics. In both clinical practice and biomedical research, nanoparticles (NPs) can serve as labeled carriers or biomarkers for tracking immunotherapy responses, contrast-enhancing agents for improved imaging, or signal amplifiers to increase specificity and sensitivity in the visualization of cellular and molecular mechanisms in vivo. The development of advanced imaging probes with controlled biodistribution, heightened sensitivity, improved contrast, multifunctionality, and enhanced temporal and spatial resolution is made possible by the unique chemical, magnetic, and optical properties of nanomaterials. These probes are particularly beneficial, to multi-modal imaging techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US). Finally, these characteristics contribute to clinical benefits, including personalized medicine, real-time monitoring of disease progression, AI-based design of nanoparticles (NPs) and earlier detection, addressing current limitations in oncologic imaging. This review highlights promising nanoparticle-based imaging strategies, including radiolabeled nanoparticles for dual/multimodal cancer imaging, bio-conjugated quantum dots (QDs) for in vivo and in vitro diagnosis and imaging, green-synthesized nanoparticles for cancer diagnostics, nanoparticle-enabled molecular imaging strategies for monitoring immunotherapy responses, MXene-based imaging systems, and nanoparticle-assisted image-guided therapies. Collectively, these imaging technologies present novel tools to resolve biological challenges, enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatments, and drive clinical translation, which ultimately improve patient outcomes and care.
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Biochar as a carrier for plant growth-promoting bacteria in phytoremediation of pesticides
(Elsevier BV, 2025-05-01)
HESAM, KAMYAB
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Chelliapan, Shreeshivadasan
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Elham Khalili
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Rezania, Shahabaldin
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Balasubramanian, Balamuralikrishnan
This review examines the role of biochar as a carrier for plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in the phytoremediation process of pesticides. It begins by exploring the properties and performance of biochar, including its production processes and physical and chemical characteristics. The review then discusses the roles and mechanisms of PGPB, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and phytohormone production, emphasizing how these bacteria can enhance plant growth and tolerance to environmental stresses while aiding in pesticide degradation. The suitability of biochar as a carrier for PGPB is highlighted due to its porous structure, surface chemistry, and ability to create microbial habitats. The interactions between biochar, PGPB, and plants that can enhance phytoremediation efficiency are examined. The review additionally identifies the related challenges and limitations, suggesting areas for further research to develop practical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential of biochar as a carrier for PGPB in improving phytoremediation outcomes, explicitly addressing the lack of prior reviews on this topic and highlighting broader implications for sustainable remediation.
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A comprehensive review of microplastic pollution in freshwater and marine environments
(Elsevier BV, 2025-03)
Irene Monica Jaikumar
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Majesh Tomson
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Arun Meyyazhagan
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Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan
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Rathinasamy Baskaran
Water popularly termed the ‘The Elixir of Life’ is now polluted beyond control in several regions. Microplastics, the tiny contaminants have found their way into all walks of life. They have also been found to be present in human blood, multiple organs, and even breast milk. There is an abundance of microplastics in the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink. Curbing them has to start with a ban of all forms of primary microplastics, and single use plastics with preference being given to biodegradable alternatives. India in particular banned single use plastics in 2022, which put an end to several commonly used plastic items being replaced with biodegradables. Paint is one of the largest contributors to microplastics, followed by textile industry, cosmetic, pharmaceutical industry, packaging industry are all top contributors to microplastics. The wastewater treatment plants aren't designed to filter microplastics from the source and this results in microplastics polluting all water resources. Though several novel techniques for microplastic segregation exist such as sieving, filtration, density separation, visual sorting, alkali digestion exist, they aren't fully employed as the initial process of microplastic segregation from waste is still in question. ©
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Exploring waste-derived catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production: a path towards renewable energy
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-07-17)
T. Sathish
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Sivamani Selvaraju
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N. Ahalya
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Ashok Kumar
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Abhishek Agarwal
Fossil fuels have a high energy density, meaning they contain a significant amount of energy per unit of volume, making them efficient for energy production and transport. Biodiesel is especially becoming a fossil fuel alternative and a key part of renewable energy. Several types of waste from homes, markets, street vendors, and other industrial places were collected and transesterified with Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles for this study. These included castor oil, coffee grounds, eggshells, vegetable oil, fruit peels, and soybean oil. The Ni-doped ZnO’s were then calcined at 800 °C. The maximum conversion rate found in converting fruit peel waste into biodiesel is about 87.6%, and it was 89.6% when the oil-to-methanal ratio was about 1:2 and the reaction time was 140 min. This is the maximum biodiesel production compared to other wastes. Moreover, using vegetable oil with nanocatalyst, the maximum biodiesel production rate of about 90.58% was recorded with 15% catalyst loading, which is the maximum biodiesel production compared with the other wastes with nanocatalyst. Furthermore, at 75 °C and a concentration of catalyst of about 15% the maximum biodiesel production obtained by using castor oil is about 92.8%. It has the highest biodiesel yield compared with the yield recorded from other waste. The catalyst also demonstrated great stability and reusability for the synthesis of biodiesel. Using waste fruit peels with Ni-doped ZnO helps to progress low-cost and ecologically friendly catalyst for sustainable biodiesel production.

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