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    Efficient charge transfer in rheum ribes waste-derived biochar-supported Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites for visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-11)
    Fatemeh Khezri Shooshtari
    ;
    Mohammad Sina Mohtaram
    ;
    Pegah Roohparvarzadeh
    ;
    Mohammad Mahdi Zerafat
    ;
    HESAM, KAMYAB  
    The sustainable removal of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous systems has become a critical environmental challenge, demanding the development of efficient and reusable photocatalysts. Herein, a novel Rheum ribes waste-derived biochar supported Bi2MoO6 (Bi2MoO6/BC) nanocomposite was synthesized and systematically evaluated for visible-light-driven tetracycline (TC) degradation. Structural and morphological analyses (XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and EDX mapping) confirmed the successful anchoring of ultrathin Bi2MoO6 nanosheets onto a porous conductive biochar matrix, providing abundant surface-active sites. Optical and electrochemical characterizations (UV–Vis DRS, PL, EIS, and photocurrent) demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption, narrowed band gap, quenched photoluminescence, lower charge-transfer resistance, and higher photocurrent density, all indicative of efficient charge separation. RSM optimization using Design-Expert revealed catalyst dosage, initial concentration, and solution pH as decisive parameters, with optimal conditions (1 g L−1, 20 ppm, pH = 6) yielding degradation efficiencies above 95 %. Radical trapping experiments confirmed •O₂− as the dominant species, with •OH and h+ also contributing, and the synergistic mechanism featuring rapid electron transfer to biochar and the subsequent production of reactive radicals ultimately enabled the complete degradation of TC into CO₂ and H₂O.
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    RSM-based co-gasification of palm oil decanter cake and sugarcane bagasse: Syngas production and biochar characteristics
    (Elsevier BV, 2024-12)
    Kunmi Joshua Abioye
    ;
    Noorfidza Yub Harun
    ;
    Mohammad Yusuf
    ;
    Hesam Kamyab
    ;
    Joshua O. Ighalo
    The production of syngas (CO + H2) and biochar from biomass waste co-gasification promotes sustainable energy while addressing environmental remediation challenges. This study investigates the co-gasification of palm oil decanter cake (PODC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) to optimize syngas production and obtain biochar in a fixed bed horizontal tube furnace reactor. Operating variables, including temperature (700–900 °C), biomass ratio (30–70 wt%), and particle size (0.25–2 mm), were optimized using Response Surface Methodology with the Box-Behnken design. Characterization analyses including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) analyses were conducted on the biochar. The optimal conditions yielded a syngas volume of 41.5 vol% and a biochar of 0.3 wt%, achieved at 900 °C temperature, 42 wt% PODC biomass ratio, and 2 mm particle size. BET analysis revealed a mesoporous structure biochar with surface area of 398.55 m2/g, pore volume of 0.13 cm3/g, and pore diameter of 6.49 nm. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, aromatic compounds, and hydrocarbon structures. FESEM analysis showed well-defined pore structures on the biochar surface, with EDX analysis confirming a dominant carbon content of 83.32 wt%. These findings substantially enhance sustainable approaches in energy production, agriculture, and wastewater treatment, while effectively tackling environmental issues associated with biomass waste.