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Item type:Publication, Batch cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris and simultaneous treatment of restaurant wastewater(Elsevier BV, 2025-12); Koji IwamotoBackground The rapid growth of restaurants due to the changing lifestyle has imposed unnecessary impacts on environmental sustainability following an increased generation of restaurant wastewater (RWW). RWW contains alarming concentrations of fats, oils, and greases (FOG), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus. Microalgae are known to be able to treat wastewater and provide simultaneous production of biomass and other valuable metabolites (e.g., lipids, proteins, and carotenoids). Numerous studies have been reported on treating various types of wastewater using microalgae. However, studies still need to be reported on treating RWW using microalgae collected from grease traps. Methods This research aims to determine the potential of the freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorella vulgaris) in treating RWW-containing pollutants (COD, BOD, FOG) and nutrients (TN, TP, AN, K) via optimal autotrophic cultivation conditions (i.e., pH, temperature, light intensity, and aeration). Significant Findings The conditions for the batch scale cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris opted as an autotrophic mode with a temperature of 25 °C, aeration of 3 litres per minute supplemented with 3 % CO2 (v/v), and an irradiance range of 80–150 μmol/m2/sec. Maximum specific growth rate and biomass productivity achieved were 0.14 day-1 and 42 mg/l/d, respectively. The maximum pollutant removal efficiency was 98 % for COD, 98.5 % for BOD, 96.8 % for FOG. While the nutrient uptake achieved was 99.7 % for total nitrogen (TN), 99.9 % for ammoniacal nitrogen (AN), 99.9 % for total phosphorus (TP), and 97.8 % for potassium (K). Therefore, this study shall provide an alternative potential solution by proposing treatment using microalgae and cultivating it with RWW. No study has been reported to date using freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to evaluate its potential in removing pollutants, nutrients, and FOG in RWW collected from GGI. The removal efficiencies indicated that the RWW acclimatised well with Chlorella vulgaris, thus providing an environmentally sustainable and economically viable treatment method. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Bioremediation of restaurant wastewater using extremophilic Galdieria sulphuraria: An approach contributing to circular bioeconomy and environmental sustainability(Elsevier BV, 2025-08); Anas Al- DailamiRecently, some applied sciences have focused on the biorefinery of wastewater because of its intrinsic composition. Algal-based wastewater treatment was explored for its potent bioremediation ability and biomass production, which can be used in various applications. When considering microalgae cultivation’s role in integrated production systems, especially when using wastewater and gaseous effluents, the hunt for new potential strains is crucial. This research explored the potential of microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (G. sulphuraria) 074 W (NIES-3638) to bioremediate raw restaurant wastewater owing to its distinct characteristics, including high temperature and acidic pH settings. The cultivation conditions were subjected to three cultivation modes (i.e., mixotrophic, heterotrophic, and autotrophic) for 14 days. During the cultivation of G. sulphuraria, various evaluations, including optical density, specific growth rate, and biomass productivity, were examined. Furthermore, the bioremediation efficiency of G. sulphuraria was examined for the removal of pollutants, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), fats, oil, grease (FOG), and uptake of nutrient such as ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH4+-N), total-nitrogen (TN), total-phosphorus (TP), and potassium (K). G. sulphuraria grown with restaurant wastewater scored 0.15 day−1 for specific growth rate and 39 mg L-1 d-1 biomass productivity. The maximum removal efficiencies for COD, BOD, FOG, NH4+-N, TN, TP, and K were 71%, 80%, 66%, 96%, 93%, 99%, and 75%, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that using G. sulphuraria is a promising approach for treating restaurant wastewater by removing pollutants, uptaking nutrients, and producing enriched biomass that can be further utilized to generate secondary metabolites.