BASANTES TITUAÑA, CARMEN DEL ROCÍO

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BASANTES TITUAÑA, CARMEN DEL ROCÍO
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SF

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    Genetic Variability in Child Growth Among South American Populations: A Perspective Integrating Population Genetics, Growth Standards, and Precision Growth Medicine
    (MDPI AG, 2025-09-23)
    ZAMBRANO ESPINOSA, ANA KARINA  
    ;
    GUEVARA RAMIREZ, ALEXANDRA PATRICIA  
    ;
    CADENA ULLAURI, SANTIAGO ANDRE  
    ;
    Susana Hidalgo
    ;
    NICOLA BUCHELI, CARMEN SUSANA  
    Child growth in South America results from a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. The region’s high ancestral diversity—stemming from Native American, European, and African admixture—shapes growth patterns in ways not fully captured by international standard curves such as World Health Organization (WHO) charts, which are primarily based on European population. This mismatch may cause misclassification, especially among Native American and other underrepresented groups, and reduce the effectiveness of interventions like growth hormone (GH) therapy. Evidence from national surveys, cohort studies, and genetic analyses reveals persistent ethnic and socioeconomic disparities, with Native American children showing higher stunting prevalence even after adjusting for wealth and residence. Differences between WHO and national growth curves further contribute to inconsistent prevalence estimates due to methodological and contextual variants. Regional genomic studies, although limited, have identified population-specific variants, such as FBN1 (E1297G) in Peru, and modulators of GH therapy response, including GHR exon 3 deletion, ACAN, and NPR2, highlighting the role of genetic background, treatment timing, and adherence in height outcomes. These findings underscore the need to move toward precision growth medicine, integrating anthropometry, genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic data to design population-specific growth references, optimize pharmacogenetic approaches, and reduce inequities in pediatric growth care.
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    Nutritional Status Assessment of Newborns: Comparison of the CAN Score (Metcoff Methodology), Growth Curves, Anthropometry, and Plicometry
    (MDPI AG, 2025-05-12)
    Maria L. Felix
    ;
    Carmen Basantes  
    ;
    Susana Nicola  
    ;
    Susana Hidalgo
    ;
    Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
    Fetal malnutrition, characterized by inadequate fat and muscle accretion during intrauterine development, has been linked to adverse outcomes, ranging from neonatal complications to long-term developmental and metabolic disorders. Traditionally, growth curves and birth weight have guided the assessment of newborns’ nutritional status; however, these measures often do not accurately reflect changes in body composition. This review compares several evaluation methods—CAN score (Metcoff methodology), body mass index (BMI), Ponderal Index (PI), McLaren Index, mid–upper arm circumference (MUAC), and plicometry—to provide suggestions on selecting the most appropriate approach, depending on the healthcare setting and population needs. Findings from multiple international studies indicate that the CAN score and BMI are among the most accurate tools, offering better sensitivity and specificity than traditional anthropometric indicators. The CAN score, based on a clinical observation of fat deposits, skin texture, and muscle tone, has been widely used in Latin America and remains a practical and cost-effective option. Nonetheless, recent research suggests that BMI, mainly when used alongside the PI, may outperform the CAN score in certain contexts. Considering the complexity of fetal nutritional assessments, integrating multiple methods enhances the diagnostic accuracy. Early identification of malnourished newborns is essential for timely intervention and improved long-term outcomes. Standardizing these diagnostic tools globally could advance efforts to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality by 2030.