Biodiesel synthesis from waste coconut scum oil utilizing SnFe2O4/cigarette butt-derived biochar as a magnetic nanocatalyst: Optimization, kinetic and thermodynamic study
Journal
Chemical Engineering Research and Design
ISSN
0263-8762
Date Issued
2024-10
Author(s)
Abstract
This study aims to develop a novel and efficient magnetic nanocatalyst for producing biodiesel from waste coconut scum oil (WCSO). In this regard, a retrievable and robust nanocatalyst, SnFe2O4/biochar derived from cigarette butts, was synthesized and applied in the transesterification of WCSO under ultrasonication. The aforementioned nanocatalyst was synthesized by sol-gel technique.
Various analyses were conducted to characterize the prepared nanocatalyst.
These analyses confirmed the successful decoration of biochar on SnFe2O4. The Surface area and pore diameter were 128.47 m2/g and 15.62 nm, respectively.
Central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the parameters influencing biodiesel synthesis.
Moreover, the highest biodiesel yield employing SnFe2O4/cigarette butt-derived biochar nanocatalysts was attained at 98.67 % under optimal conditions, which include a methanol/WCSO ratio of 11.81:1 mol/mol, ultrasonic time of 34.25 min, temperature of 64.05 °C, and a catalyst amount of 2.73 wt%.
Besides, SnFe2O4/cigarette butt-derived biochar demonstrated a notable biodiesel yield (90.48 %) even after seven reuse steps, highlighting its exceptional reusability.
The thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of transesterification indicate that the synthesis of biodiesel is an endothermic reaction.
The SnFe2O4/cigarette butt-derived biochar nanocatalyst stands out as a highly promising candidate for future research due to biodiesel performance, quick reaction time, and remarkable catalyst reusability.
Various analyses were conducted to characterize the prepared nanocatalyst.
These analyses confirmed the successful decoration of biochar on SnFe2O4. The Surface area and pore diameter were 128.47 m2/g and 15.62 nm, respectively.
Central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the parameters influencing biodiesel synthesis.
Moreover, the highest biodiesel yield employing SnFe2O4/cigarette butt-derived biochar nanocatalysts was attained at 98.67 % under optimal conditions, which include a methanol/WCSO ratio of 11.81:1 mol/mol, ultrasonic time of 34.25 min, temperature of 64.05 °C, and a catalyst amount of 2.73 wt%.
Besides, SnFe2O4/cigarette butt-derived biochar demonstrated a notable biodiesel yield (90.48 %) even after seven reuse steps, highlighting its exceptional reusability.
The thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of transesterification indicate that the synthesis of biodiesel is an endothermic reaction.
The SnFe2O4/cigarette butt-derived biochar nanocatalyst stands out as a highly promising candidate for future research due to biodiesel performance, quick reaction time, and remarkable catalyst reusability.