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Providing added value to local uses of paparahua (Artocarpus altilis) in Amazonian Ecuador by phytochemical data review
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-01)
LUZURIAGA QUICHIMBO, CARMEN XIMENA
;
José Blanco-Salas
;
Carlos E. Cerón-Martínez
;
Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez
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Scientific validation of the traditional knowledge of Sikta ("Tabernaemontana sananho", Apocynaceae) in the Canelo-Kichwa Amazonian community
(Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 1970-01-01)
LUZURIAGA QUICHIMBO, CARMEN XIMENA
;
Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez
;
José Blanco-Salas
;
Carlos E. Cerón Martínez
<jats:p>Tabernaemontana sananho is a tree member of the Apocynaceae family referred to as sikta in Kichwa language. It is widely used in northern South America as painkiller, stimulant, antiseptic and is also highly valued as a sacred plant. In this work, we report the traditional knowledge and uses of sikta by the scarcely contacted Kichwa community of Pakayaku (Pastaza province, Ecuador) and further provide a scientific framework for its scientific validation. A review of the available literature revealed the presence of a wealth of biologically active indole alkaloids that potentially account for the great number of medicinal uses of sikta. This case study is illustrative of the importance of scientific validation of traditional knowledge (i) for indigenous communities —as empowering tool—, (ii) for the sake of scientific knowledge and (iii) for plant conservation.</jats:p>
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Chiricaspi (Brunfelsia grandiflora, Solanaceae), a Pharmacologically Promising Plant
(MDPI AG, 2018-08-18)
LUZURIAGA QUICHIMBO, CARMEN XIMENA
;
Míriam Hernández del Barco
;
José Blanco-Salas
;
Carlos E. Cerón-Martínez
;
Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez
<jats:p>This study’s objective was to evaluate the rescued traditional knowledge about the chiricaspi (Brunfelsia grandiflora s.l.), obtained in an isolated Canelo-Kichwa Amazonian community in the Pastaza province (Ecuador). This approach demonstrates well the value of biodiversity conservation in an endangered ecoregion. The authors describe the ancestral practices that remain in force today. They validated them through bibliographic revisions in data megabases, which presented activity and chemical components. The authors also propose possible routes for the development of new bioproducts based on the plant. In silico research about new drug design based on traditional knowledge about this species can produce significant progress in specific areas of childbirth, anesthesiology, and neurology.</jats:p>
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On the Possible Chemical Justification of the Ethnobotanical Use of Hyptis obtusiflora in Amazonian Ecuador
(MDPI AG, 2018-11-23)
LUZURIAGA QUICHIMBO, CARMEN XIMENA
;
José Blanco-Salas
;
Carlos E. Cerón-Martínez
;
Milan S. Stanković
;
Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez
<jats:p>In rural areas of Latin America, Hyptis infusions are very popular. Hyptis obtusiflora extends from Mexico throughout Central America to Bolivia and Peru. It has added value in Ecuador where it has been used by different ethnic groups. We aimed to learn about the traditional knowledge of ancient Kichwa cultures about this plant, and to contrast this knowledge with the published information organized in occidental databases. We proposed to use traditional knowledge as a source of innovation for social development. Our specific objectives were to catalogue the uses of H. obtusiflora in the community, to prospect on the bibliography on a possible chemical justification for its medicinal use, to propose new products for development, and to give arguments for biodiversity conservation. An ethnobotanical survey was made and a Prisma 2009 Flow Diagram was then followed for scientific validation. We rescued data that are novel contributions for the ethnobotany at the national level. The catalogued main activity of anti-inflammation can be related to the terpene composition and the inhibition of xanthine oxidase. This opens the possibility of researching the extract of this plant as an alternative to allopurinol or uricosuric drugs. This is a concrete example of an argument for biodiversity conservation.</jats:p>
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Plant Biodiversity Knowledge Varies by Gender in Sustainable Amazonian Agricultural Systems Called Chacras
(MDPI AG, 2019-08-04)
LUZURIAGA QUICHIMBO, CARMEN XIMENA
;
Míriam Hernández del Barco
;
José Blanco-Salas
;
Carlos E. Cerón-Martínez
;
Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez
<jats:p>Chacras, which are Amazonian agricultural systems, are examples of traditional agricultural management that are sustainable. They are also characteristic of the identities of different ethnographic groups in tropical America. However, information regarding the botanical characterization of chacras is scant. In tropical rural communities, there is a gender bias hypothesis that makes women potential reservoirs of traditional chacras plant knowledge. We present an experimental study in order to demonstrate if this knowledge difference really exists and to plan accordingly. We performed workshops in an isolated Kichwa community from Amazonian Ecuador. We calculated the cultural signififcance index (CSI) for 97 local flora plants. Our results revealed statistically significant differences. They were coherent with the Kichwa worldview and the structure of their society. We concluded that gender perspective must be taken into account in biodiversity conservation programs, such as, for example, those to implement the resilient agricultural practices of tropical contexts promoted by The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SGD2).</jats:p>
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In Silico Molecular Studies of Antiophidic Properties of the Amazonian Tree Cordia nodosa Lam.
(MDPI AG, 2019-11-16)
LUZURIAGA QUICHIMBO, CARMEN XIMENA
;
José Blanco-Salas
;
Luz María Muñoz-Centeno
;
Rafael Peláez
;
Carlos E. Cerón-Martínez
<jats:p>We carried out surveys on the use of Cordia nodosa Lam. in the jungles of Bobonaza (Ecuador). We documented this knowledge to prevent its loss under the Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol. We conducted bibliographic research and identified quercetrin as a significant bioactive molecule. We studied its in silico biological activity. The selected methodology was virtual docking experiments with the proteins responsible for the venomous action of snakes. The molecular structures of quercetrin and 21 selected toxins underwent corresponding tests with SwissDock and Chimera software. The results point to support its antiophidic use. They show reasonable geometries and a binding free energy of −7 to −10.03 kcal/mol. The most favorable values were obtained for the venom of the Asian snake Naja atra (5Z2G, −10.03 kcal/mol). Good results were also obtained from the venom of the Latin American Bothrops pirajai (3CYL, −9.71 kcal/mol) and that of Ecuadorian Bothrops asper snakes (5TFV, −9.47 kcal/mol) and Bothrops atrox (5TS5, −9.49 kcal/mol). In the 5Z2G and 5TS5 L-amino acid oxidases, quercetrin binds in a pocket adjacent to the FAD cofactor, while in the myotoxic homologues of PLA2, 3CYL and 5TFV, it joins in the hydrophobic channel formed when oligomerizing, in the first one similar to α-tocopherol. This study presents a case demonstration of the potential of bioinformatic tools in the validation process of ethnobotanical phytopharmaceuticals and how in silico methods are becoming increasingly useful for sustainable drug discovery.</jats:p>
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Notes clarifying the status on some ethnobotanical species from the Ecuadorian Amazon
(Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 2019-01-23)
LUZURIAGA QUICHIMBO, CARMEN XIMENA
;
Pedro Escobar García
;
Carlos E. Cerón-Martínez
;
José Blanco-Salas
;
Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez
<jats:p>Despite belonging to one of the most biodiverse ecoregions on Earth, the Ecuadorian Amazon remains largely unexplored. During the elaboration of an ethnobotanical checklist of the useful plants in the Kichwa community of Pakayaku (Pastaza, Ecuador), we faced taxonomical difficulties due to the lack of basic information and unknown location of type specimens for several plant names. In this contribution, we present notes clarifying the status of six taxa of the H. Karsten and E. F. Poeppig names and locate the corresponding type specimens at the herbarium W (Natural History Museum, Vienna).</jats:p>
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Promising Potential of Lonchocarpus utilis against South American Myasis
(MDPI AG, 2019-12-25)
LUZURIAGA QUICHIMBO, CARMEN XIMENA
;
José Blanco-Salas
;
Carlos E. Cerón-Martínez
;
Juan Carlos Alías-Gallego
;
Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez
<jats:p>Traditional medicine is especially important in the treatment of neglected tropical diseases because it is the way the majority of populations of affected countries manage primary healthcare. We present a case study that can serve as an example that can be replicated by others in the same situation. It is about the validation of a local remedy for myasis in Amazonian Ecuador, which is contrasted by bibliographic chemical reviews and in silico activity tests. We look for scientific arguments to demonstrate the reason for using extracts of Lonchocarpus utilis against south American myasis (tupe). We provide a summary of the isoflavonoids, prenylated flavonoids, chalcones, and stilbenes that justify the action. We make modeling predictions on the affinity of eight chemical components and enzyme targets using Swiss Target Prediction software. We conclude that the effects of this extract can be reasonably attributed to an effect of the parasite that causes the disease, similar to the one produced by synthetic drugs used by conventional medicine (e.g., Ivermectine).</jats:p>

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