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Access type: UnknownAuthor: search.filters.author.Jaen Cagua-Ordoñez

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    Item type:Publication,
    Multilevel barriers to clinical and nutritional research in Latin America: a socioeconomic comparative analysis
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2025-12-31)
    Evelyn Frias-Toral
    ;
    Jaime Angamarca-Iguago
    ;
    Isabel Calvo Higuera
    ;
    Jorge Carriel-Mancilla
    ;
    Guillermo Contreras
    Clinical and nutritional research in Latin America faces significant challenges that limit scientific development and evidence-based healthcare. Understanding these barriers is essential for developing effective strategies to enhance research capacity in the region. This study aimed to identify multilevel barriers to clinical and nutritional research in Latin America and compare them between countries of different socioeconomic levels. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 327 healthcare professionals involved in clinical and nutritional research across Latin America. Data collection occurred via an online survey in which participants rated the importance of 16 potential barriers on a 3-point Likert scale. Analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests to compare barriers between upper-middle and lower-middle-income countries, logistic regression to identify predictors of research participation, and k-means cluster analysis to identify researcher profiles. Results Funding (84.4%), research materials (71.6%), and time constraints (70.9%) emerged as the most significant barriers across all countries. Three barriers showed statistically significant differences between income levels: participant commitment (73.6% vs. 42.6%, < 0.001), frequent appointments (56.6% vs. 37.8%, = 0.02), and language barriers (39.6% vs. 22.9%, = 0.02), all of which were higher in lower-middle-income countries. Logistic regression identified the importance of research materials (OR = 0.36, = 0.002) and telemedicine (OR = 1.74,  = 0.044) as significant predictors of research participation. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct researcher profiles based on barrier perception patterns. Conclusion Multilevel barriers to research in Latin America are dominated by universal resource constraints (funding, materials, time), with lower-middle-income countries facing additional challenges in participant engagement and study logistics. The relative homogeneity of most barriers across income groups suggests that regional and institutional factors may be more influential than national income levels. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted strategies to strengthen research capacity and infrastructure across Latin America.
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    Spatial analysis of receptivity and vulnerability to arbovirosis transmission in Ecuador between 2015 and 2019: An ecological study
    (Medwave Estudios Limitada, 2025-04-03)
    Jaen Cagua-Ordoñez
    ;
    Inti Quevedo-Bastidas
    ;
    SIMANCAS RACINES, DANIEL ALEJANDRO
    ;
    Evelyn Frias-Toral
    ;
    PARISE VASCO, JUAN MARCOS
    Introduction Arboviruses such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya represent a threat to public health in several South American countries, including Ecuador. Accurate identification of local risk areas and detection of critical transmission points are crucial for the effective planning of vector control programs, particularly in the management of the effectively planning vector control programs, particularly in managing mosquito. This study aimed to characterize the variables of receptivity and vulnerability to arboviral transmission at the cantonal level, and to identify hotspots in Ecuador between 2015 and 2019. Methods Environmental and sociodemographic data at the cantonal level were used to perform a spatial analysis, which included a spatial autocorrelation analysis to identify transmission hotspots at the parish level. GeoDa software was used to detect these hotspots. Results The provinces of Ecuador with the highest levels of receptivity and vulnerability were Manabí, Guayas, El Oro and Esmeraldas. These levels were mainly related to temperature, altitude, and limited access to clean water services. Fifty-six cantons were identified as high transmission areas. Nine parishes were classified as transmission hotspots for five consecutive years. Conclusions The spatial analysis allowed for precisely identifying the more susceptible and vulnerable areas for arbovirus transmission in Ecuador. The persistence of transmission hotspots in certain municipalities was evidenced, influenced by environmental and sociodemographic factors. This evidence is key to adapt and improve vector surveillance and control strategies in the most affected regions.